Purpose: Garlic consumption has been inversely associated to intestinal adenoma (IA) and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, although evidence is not consistent. Gut microbiota has been implied in CRC pathogenesis and is also influenced by garlic consumption. We analyzed whether dietary garlic influence CRC risk and bacterial DNA in blood. Methods: We conducted a case-control study in Italy involving 100 incident CRC cases, 100 IA and 100 healthy controls matched by center, sex and age. We used a validated food frequency questionnaire to assess dietary habits and garlic consumption. Blood bacterial DNA profile was estimated using qPCR and16S rRNA gene profiling. We derived odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of IA and CRC according to garlic consumption from multiple conditional logistic regression. We used Mann-Whitney and chi-square tests to evaluate taxa differences in abundance and prevalence. Results: The OR of CRC for medium/high versus low/null garlic consumption was 0.27 (95% CI = 0.11-0.66). Differences in garlic consumption were found for selected blood bacterial taxa. Medium/high garlic consumption was associated to an increase of Corynebacteriales order, Nocardiaceae family and Rhodococcus genus, and to a decrease of Family XI and Finegoldia genus. Conclusions: The study adds data on the protective effect of dietary garlic on CRC risk. Moreover, it supports evidence of a translocation of bacterial material to bloodstream and corroborates the hypothesis of a diet-microbiota axis as a mechanism behind the role of garlic in CRC prevention.

Garlic consumption in relation to colorectal cancer risk and to alterations of blood bacterial DNA / M.C. Speciani, G. Gargari, R. Penagini, M. Mutignani, M. Ferraroni, A. Natale, M. Katsoulis, M. Cintolo, P. Leone, A. Airoldi, M. Vecchi, R. Bonzi, C. Ciafardini, B. Oreggia, P. Carnevali, S. Guglielmetti, P. Riso, C. La Vecchia, M. Rossi. - In: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION. - ISSN 1436-6207. - (2023), pp. 1-14. [Epub ahead of print] [10.1007/s00394-023-03110-2]

Garlic consumption in relation to colorectal cancer risk and to alterations of blood bacterial DNA

M.C. Speciani
Primo
;
G. Gargari
Secondo
;
R. Penagini;M. Ferraroni;A. Natale;P. Leone;A. Airoldi;M. Vecchi;R. Bonzi;C. Ciafardini;B. Oreggia;P. Carnevali;S. Guglielmetti;P. Riso;C. La Vecchia
Penultimo
;
M. Rossi
Ultimo
2023

Abstract

Purpose: Garlic consumption has been inversely associated to intestinal adenoma (IA) and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, although evidence is not consistent. Gut microbiota has been implied in CRC pathogenesis and is also influenced by garlic consumption. We analyzed whether dietary garlic influence CRC risk and bacterial DNA in blood. Methods: We conducted a case-control study in Italy involving 100 incident CRC cases, 100 IA and 100 healthy controls matched by center, sex and age. We used a validated food frequency questionnaire to assess dietary habits and garlic consumption. Blood bacterial DNA profile was estimated using qPCR and16S rRNA gene profiling. We derived odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of IA and CRC according to garlic consumption from multiple conditional logistic regression. We used Mann-Whitney and chi-square tests to evaluate taxa differences in abundance and prevalence. Results: The OR of CRC for medium/high versus low/null garlic consumption was 0.27 (95% CI = 0.11-0.66). Differences in garlic consumption were found for selected blood bacterial taxa. Medium/high garlic consumption was associated to an increase of Corynebacteriales order, Nocardiaceae family and Rhodococcus genus, and to a decrease of Family XI and Finegoldia genus. Conclusions: The study adds data on the protective effect of dietary garlic on CRC risk. Moreover, it supports evidence of a translocation of bacterial material to bloodstream and corroborates the hypothesis of a diet-microbiota axis as a mechanism behind the role of garlic in CRC prevention.
16S rRNA gene profiling; Blood microbiome; Colorectal cancer; Garlic consumption; Insulin resistance; Intestinal adenoma
Settore MED/01 - Statistica Medica
Settore MED/06 - Oncologia Medica
Settore MED/12 - Gastroenterologia
Settore MED/42 - Igiene Generale e Applicata
Settore MED/03 - Genetica Medica
Settore MED/49 - Scienze Tecniche Dietetiche Applicate
   Blood microbiota and diet in relation to adenoma and colorectal cancer risk (4° anno)
   FONDAZIONE AIRC PER LA RICERCA SUL CANCRO ETS
   MFAG 2015 Id.17070
2023
24-apr-2023
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/2434/967160
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