γ-Glutamyl derivatives of proteinogenic or modified amino acids raise considerable interest as flavor enhancers or biologically active compounds. However, their supply, on a large scale and at reasonable costs, remains challenging. Enzymatic synthesis has been recognized as a possible affordable alternative with respect to both isolation procedures from natural sources, burdened by low-yield and by the requirement of massive amount of starting material, and chemical synthesis, inconvenient because of the need of protection/deprotection steps. The E. coli γ-glutamyltransferase (Ec-GGT) has already been proposed as a biocatalyst for the synthesis of various γ-glutamyl derivatives. However, enzymatic syntheses using this enzyme usually provide the desired products in limited yield. Hydrolysis and autotranspeptidation of the donor substrate have been identified as the side reactions affecting the final yield of the catalytic process. In addition, experimental conditions need to be specifically adjusted for each acceptor substrate. Substrate specificity and the fine characterization of the activities exerted by the enzyme over time has so far escaped rationalization. In this work, reactions catalyzed by Ec-GGT between the γ-glutamyl donor glutamine and several representative acceptor amino acids have been finely analyzed with the identification of single reaction products over time. This approach allowed to rationalize the effect of donor/acceptor molar ratio on the outcome of the transpeptidation reaction and on the distribution of the different byproducts, inferring a general scheme for Ec-GGT-catalyzed reactions. The propensity to react of the different acceptor substrates is in agreement with recent findings obtained using model substrates and further supported by x-ray crystallography and will contribute to characterize the still elusive acceptor binding site of the enzyme.

An overall framework for the E. coli γ-glutamyltransferase-catalyzed transpeptidation reactions / V. Somma, C. Calvio, M. Rabuffetti, E. Rama, G. Speranza, C.F. Morelli. - In: BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY. - ISSN 0045-2068. - 115(2021 Aug), pp. 105217.1-105217.9. [10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105217]

An overall framework for the E. coli γ-glutamyltransferase-catalyzed transpeptidation reactions

V. Somma;M. Rabuffetti;G. Speranza;C.F. Morelli
Ultimo
2021

Abstract

γ-Glutamyl derivatives of proteinogenic or modified amino acids raise considerable interest as flavor enhancers or biologically active compounds. However, their supply, on a large scale and at reasonable costs, remains challenging. Enzymatic synthesis has been recognized as a possible affordable alternative with respect to both isolation procedures from natural sources, burdened by low-yield and by the requirement of massive amount of starting material, and chemical synthesis, inconvenient because of the need of protection/deprotection steps. The E. coli γ-glutamyltransferase (Ec-GGT) has already been proposed as a biocatalyst for the synthesis of various γ-glutamyl derivatives. However, enzymatic syntheses using this enzyme usually provide the desired products in limited yield. Hydrolysis and autotranspeptidation of the donor substrate have been identified as the side reactions affecting the final yield of the catalytic process. In addition, experimental conditions need to be specifically adjusted for each acceptor substrate. Substrate specificity and the fine characterization of the activities exerted by the enzyme over time has so far escaped rationalization. In this work, reactions catalyzed by Ec-GGT between the γ-glutamyl donor glutamine and several representative acceptor amino acids have been finely analyzed with the identification of single reaction products over time. This approach allowed to rationalize the effect of donor/acceptor molar ratio on the outcome of the transpeptidation reaction and on the distribution of the different byproducts, inferring a general scheme for Ec-GGT-catalyzed reactions. The propensity to react of the different acceptor substrates is in agreement with recent findings obtained using model substrates and further supported by x-ray crystallography and will contribute to characterize the still elusive acceptor binding site of the enzyme.
g-glutamyltransferase; g-glutamyltranspeptidase; transpeptidation reaction; substrate specificity; g-glutamyl derivatives; enzymatic synthesis; flavor enhancer
Settore CHIM/06 - Chimica Organica
   Value-added products through biocatalysis: TAILored GLUtamyl TRANsferases
   TailGluTran
   FONDAZIONE CARIPLO
   2016-0741
ago-2021
lug-2021
Article (author)
File in questo prodotto:
File Dimensione Formato  
BioorgChem2021_115_105217.pdf

accesso aperto

Descrizione: Articolo principale
Tipologia: Publisher's version/PDF
Dimensione 1.53 MB
Formato Adobe PDF
1.53 MB Adobe PDF Visualizza/Apri
Pubblicazioni consigliate

I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.

Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/2434/864164
Citazioni
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.pmc??? 0
  • Scopus 4
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.isi??? 3
social impact