Comparative Analysis of Histone H3K4me3 Distribution in Mouse Liver in Different Diets Reveals the Epigenetic Efficacy of Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside Dietary Intake

Background: Different diets result in significantly different phenotypes through metabolicand genomic reprogramming. Epigenetic marks, identified in humans and mouse models throughcaloric restriction, a high-fat diet or the intake of specific bioactives, suggest that genomic reprogram-ming drives this metabolic reprogramming and mediates the effect of nutrition on health. Histonemodifications encode the epigenetic signal, which adapts genome functions to environmental con-ditions, including diets, by tuning the structure and properties of chromatin. To date, the effect ofdifferent diets on the genome-wide distribution of critical histone marks has not been determined.Methods: Using chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, we investigated the distribution of thetrimethylation of lysine 4 of histone H3 in the liver of mice fed for one year with five different diets,including: chow containing yellow corn powder as an extra source of plant bioactives or specificallyenriched with Cyanidin-3-O-Glucoside, high-fat-enriched obesogenic diets, and caloric-restrictedpro-longevity diets. Conclusions: Comparison of the resulting histone mark profiles revealed thatfunctional food containing cyanidin determines a broad effect.