Introduction: Moral Distress (MD) is a common experience among nurses and if it is not recognised and treated, it may lead to serious consequences on nurses’ health and quality of care. MD has been studied in several healthcare contexts. However, there are only few studies on MD in psychiatry and in Italy there are no data in this field. Objective: To assess the presence of MD among mental health nurses in Italy and verify whether there is a relationship between MD and burnout. Methods: We conducted a multicentre survey among nurses of Mental Health services of four hospitals in Milan. The MD Scale for Psychiatric NursesItalianrevised (MDS-PItarev) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) were used for data collection. Factor analysis and calculation of content validity index (CVI) and Cronbach’s alpha were performed on the Italian version of the MDS-PIta. Three items of the old version of the scale were removed, because judged not relevant in the Italian context. The revised scale maintained excellent CVI (0.89) and Cronbach’s alpha (0.93). Results: Of 285 questionnaires distributed, 228 (80%) were returned. The median of MD was 2 (scale range 0-6); MD is correlated with two burnout dimensions: emotional exhaustion (rho(ρ)=0.28, p<0,001) and depersonalization (ρ=0.20, p<0,001). Conclusions: This is the first study about MD among psychiatric nurses in Italy. We found a medium-low level of MD among nurses who participated in the survey. We also found a modest but significant correlation between MD and two dimensions of MBI. Further studies are needed to confirm these results.
Introduzione: Il Moral Distress (MD) è un fenomeno diffuso tra gli infermieri. Se non riconosciuto e trattato, può portare a gravi ripercussioni sulla salute del professionista e sulla qualità delle cure erogate. Nel contesto psichiatrico il fenomeno risulta ancora poco esplorato. Da un’approfondita revisione della letteratura, nessun dato è emerso riguardo alla sua entità nella realtà italiana. Scopo: Indagare la diffusione di MD tra gli infermieri operanti nel contesto psichiatrico in Italia e verificare l’eventuale relazione con il burnout. Metodi: È stata condotta un’indagine multicentrica nei dipartimenti di Salute Mentale di quattro ospedali di Milano e provincia. Per rilevare i dati sono stati impiegati la Moral Distress Scale for Psychiatric Nurses Italianrevised (MDS-PItarev) ed il Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). In questo studio è stata condotta l’analisi fattoriale della versione italiana della MDS-PIta, oltre al calcolo dell’alfa di Cronbach e del Content validity index. Tre item della MDS-PIta sono stati rimossi, in quanto considerati poco rilevanti per il contesto italiano. La scala ha mantenuto un eccellente CVI (0,89) e Cronbach’s alpha (0,93). Risultati: Sono stati restituiti compilati 228 questionari, sui 285 distribuiti (80%). La mediana del MD era 2. Il MD correla con due dimensioni del burnout: Esaurimento Emotivo (rho(ρ)=0,28, p<0,001) e depersonalizzazione (ρ= 0,20, p<0,001). Conclusioni: Questo è il primo studio in Italia sul MD negli infermieri che lavorano in psichiatria. I risultati evidenziano un livello medio-basso di MD tra gli infermieri ed una modesta, ma significativa, correlazione tra MD e due dimensioni del MBI. Future indagini potranno confermare il dato.
Moral Distress (MD) and burnout in mental health nurses: a multicenter survey / F. Delfrate, P. Ferrara, D. Spotti, S. Terzoni, G. Lamiani, E. Canciani, L. Bonetti. - In: LA MEDICINA DEL LAVORO. - ISSN 0025-7818. - 109:2(2018 Feb), pp. 97-109. [10.23749/mdl.v109i2.6876]
Moral Distress (MD) and burnout in mental health nurses: a multicenter survey
P. Ferrara;D. Spotti;S. Terzoni;G. Lamiani;
2018
Abstract
Introduction: Moral Distress (MD) is a common experience among nurses and if it is not recognised and treated, it may lead to serious consequences on nurses’ health and quality of care. MD has been studied in several healthcare contexts. However, there are only few studies on MD in psychiatry and in Italy there are no data in this field. Objective: To assess the presence of MD among mental health nurses in Italy and verify whether there is a relationship between MD and burnout. Methods: We conducted a multicentre survey among nurses of Mental Health services of four hospitals in Milan. The MD Scale for Psychiatric NursesItalianrevised (MDS-PItarev) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) were used for data collection. Factor analysis and calculation of content validity index (CVI) and Cronbach’s alpha were performed on the Italian version of the MDS-PIta. Three items of the old version of the scale were removed, because judged not relevant in the Italian context. The revised scale maintained excellent CVI (0.89) and Cronbach’s alpha (0.93). Results: Of 285 questionnaires distributed, 228 (80%) were returned. The median of MD was 2 (scale range 0-6); MD is correlated with two burnout dimensions: emotional exhaustion (rho(ρ)=0.28, p<0,001) and depersonalization (ρ=0.20, p<0,001). Conclusions: This is the first study about MD among psychiatric nurses in Italy. We found a medium-low level of MD among nurses who participated in the survey. We also found a modest but significant correlation between MD and two dimensions of MBI. Further studies are needed to confirm these results.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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