Incorporating legume and nut flours into pasta, bakery products, and snacks: Opportunities and challenges

Legumes and nuts have recently emerged in pasta, bakery, and snack manufacturing, offering a myriad of health benefits and culinary versatility. Incorporating legume and nut flours in these products can lead to enhanced nutritional profiles, while diversifying the future food offering, and mitigating environmental footprints. However, their integration needs careful consideration of various factors, including sensory properties, structural features, and processing techniques. This review endeavors to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art research about the use of legume and nut flours in pasta, bakery, and snack production, elucidating the opportunities, challenges, and future directions.