Modulation of goat monocyte immune functions by omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids EPA and DHA

The in vitro effects of two omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), namely eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), on some inflammatory functions of goat monocytes including phagocytosis, extracellular respiratory burst, as well as the capability to modulate the expression of some pro-inflammatory cytokines, were investigated. Their apoptosis rate and cytoplasmic accumulation of lipid droplets were also studied. Six clinically healthy multiparous lactating goats (Saanen) between 5 and 6 years of age and between 30 and 33 weeks after calving were used for blood collection. Both EPA and DHA upregulated the phagocytosis of monocytes. Results on cytokine regulatory activity were inconsistent. Both EPA and DHA treatment induced a different accumulation of lipid droplets in goat monocytes. Profound effects of EPA and DHA on cellular lipid accumulation were observed. This study demonstrated that both EPA and DHA had important and specific roles in modulating monocyte immune functions and therefore support their use in animal diets not only to increase the nutritional value of milk for human consumption, but also because they could improve animal health.