Background Hereditary angioedema (HAE) comprises HAE with C1-inhibitor deficiency (C1-INH-HAE) and HAE with normal C1-INH activity (nl-C1-INH-HAE), due to mutations in factor XII (FXII-HAE), plasminogen (PLG-HAE), angiopoietin 1 (ANGPT1-HAE), kininogen 1 genes (KNG1-HAE), or angioedema of unknown origin (U-HAE). The Italian network for C1-INH-HAE (ITACA) created a registry including different forms of angioedema without wheals. Objective We analyzed clinical and laboratory features of a cohort of Italian subjects with nl-C1-INH-HAE followed by ITACA to identify specific biomarkers. Methods A total of 105 nl-C1-INH-HAE patients were studied. Plasma concentrations of cleaved high-molecular-weight kininogen (cHK), vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs), angiopoietins (Angs), and secreted phospholipase A(2) enzymes (sPLA(2)) were evaluated. Results We identified 43 FXII-HAE patients, 58 U-HAE, and 4 ANGPT1-HAE. We assessed a prevalence of 1:1.4 x 10(6) for FXII-HAE and 1:1.0 x 10(6) for U-HAE. cHK levels in U-HAE patients were similar to controls in plasma collected using protease inhibitors cocktail (PIC), but they significantly increased in the absence of PIC. In FXII-HAE patients, cHK levels, in the absence of PIC, were significantly higher than in controls. We found a significant increase of VEGF-A, VEGF-C, and Ang1 levels in U-HAE patients compared to controls. In FXII-HAE, only VEGF-C levels were increased. Ang2 concentrations and sPLA(2) activity were not modified. The levels of these mediators in ANGPT1-HAE patients were not altered. Conclusions Our results suggest that pathogenesis of FXII-, ANGPT1-, and U-HAE moves through an unbalanced control of kallikrein activity, with bradykinin as most likely mediator. VEGFs and Ang1 participate in the pathophysiology of U-HAE increasing the basal vascular permeability.
Impaired control of the contact system in hereditary angioedema with normal C1-inhibitor / M. Bova, C. Suffritti, V. Bafunno, S. Loffredo, G. Cordisco, S. Del Giacco, T.M.A. De Pasquale, D. Firinu, M. Margaglione, V. Montinaro, A. Petraroli, A. Radice, L. Brussino, A. Zanichelli, A. Zoli, M. Cicardi. - In: ALLERGY. - ISSN 0105-4538. - (2019). [Epub ahead of print] [10.1111/all.14160]
Impaired control of the contact system in hereditary angioedema with normal C1-inhibitor
M. BovaCo-primo
;C. SuffrittiCo-primo
;A. Zanichelli;M. Cicardi
2019
Abstract
Background Hereditary angioedema (HAE) comprises HAE with C1-inhibitor deficiency (C1-INH-HAE) and HAE with normal C1-INH activity (nl-C1-INH-HAE), due to mutations in factor XII (FXII-HAE), plasminogen (PLG-HAE), angiopoietin 1 (ANGPT1-HAE), kininogen 1 genes (KNG1-HAE), or angioedema of unknown origin (U-HAE). The Italian network for C1-INH-HAE (ITACA) created a registry including different forms of angioedema without wheals. Objective We analyzed clinical and laboratory features of a cohort of Italian subjects with nl-C1-INH-HAE followed by ITACA to identify specific biomarkers. Methods A total of 105 nl-C1-INH-HAE patients were studied. Plasma concentrations of cleaved high-molecular-weight kininogen (cHK), vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs), angiopoietins (Angs), and secreted phospholipase A(2) enzymes (sPLA(2)) were evaluated. Results We identified 43 FXII-HAE patients, 58 U-HAE, and 4 ANGPT1-HAE. We assessed a prevalence of 1:1.4 x 10(6) for FXII-HAE and 1:1.0 x 10(6) for U-HAE. cHK levels in U-HAE patients were similar to controls in plasma collected using protease inhibitors cocktail (PIC), but they significantly increased in the absence of PIC. In FXII-HAE patients, cHK levels, in the absence of PIC, were significantly higher than in controls. We found a significant increase of VEGF-A, VEGF-C, and Ang1 levels in U-HAE patients compared to controls. In FXII-HAE, only VEGF-C levels were increased. Ang2 concentrations and sPLA(2) activity were not modified. The levels of these mediators in ANGPT1-HAE patients were not altered. Conclusions Our results suggest that pathogenesis of FXII-, ANGPT1-, and U-HAE moves through an unbalanced control of kallikrein activity, with bradykinin as most likely mediator. VEGFs and Ang1 participate in the pathophysiology of U-HAE increasing the basal vascular permeability.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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