Biolubricants synthesized from vegetable oils with oleic acid and 1,3-propanediol possess better cold flow properties and have a smaller environmental footprint than mineral-based lubricants. However, their synthesis is lengthy (>6 h) and requires temperatures above 120 °C. We applied ultrasound (US) to synthesize long-chain diesters (biolubricants): an ultrasonic horn delivered rated powers of 500 and 750 W at a frequency of 20 kHz to a solution of oleic acid and 1,3-propanediol. Amberlyst15-H esterified the acid to the diester biolubricant. US horns with powers of 750 and 500 W increased the reaction rate by factors of 2 and 1.2–1.5, respectively. A temperature of 100 °C is necessary to convert oleic acid to >50%. A partial factorial experimental design confirmed that temperature, US power, and initial molar ratio of reactants affect reaction rate and oleic acid conversion (p-value of <0.05). The 500 W horn is 17% less expensive than the 750 W horn.
Ultrasonic Intensification To Produce Diester Biolubricants / N.A. Patience, F. Galli, M.G. Rigamonti, D. Schieppati, D.C. Boffito. - In: INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH. - ISSN 0888-5885. - (2019 Apr 11). [Epub ahead of print]
Titolo: | Ultrasonic Intensification To Produce Diester Biolubricants |
Autori: | |
Parole Chiave: | Biolubricants; ultrasound; Process Intensification; heterogeneous catalysis |
Settore Scientifico Disciplinare: | Settore CHIM/04 - Chimica Industriale |
Data di pubblicazione: | 11-apr-2019 |
Rivista: | |
Tipologia: | Article (author) |
Digital Object Identifier (DOI): | http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.9b00717 |
Appare nelle tipologie: | 01 - Articolo su periodico |
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biolubricants_Final_FGmarked up3.docx | Pre-print (manoscritto inviato all'editore) | Open Access Visualizza/Apri |