Two-dimensional HyCoSy with contrast tuned imaging technology and a second-generation contrast media for the assessment of tubal patency in an infertility program.

Objective: To compare the efficiency of hysterosalpingo-contrast-sonography performed with air and saline (Hydro-HyCoSy) with HyCoSy performed with contrast media (SonoVue) and contrast-tuned imaging technology (CnTI-SonoVue-HyCoSy) considering hysterosalpingography (HSG) and laparoscopy (LPS) as reference tests and to evaluate the learning curve of this procedure. Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Reproductive unit of a university hospital. Patient(s): Forty-two infertile female patients. Intervention(s): HyCoSy were performed with a 2.4-mm intrauterine catheter. Patients underwent HSG or LPS as controls. Main Outcome Measure(s): Mean age, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, kappa value, and diagnostic accuracy were evaluated for statistical analysis. Result(s): Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of Hydro-HyCoSy were 91%, 71%, 55%, and 95%, respectively, while for CnTI-SonoVue-HyCoSy they were 87%, 84%, 69%, and 94%. The diagnostic accuracy of Hydro-HyCoSy and of CnTI-SonoVue-HyCoSy were 77% and 85%, with a Cohen's kappa of 0.52 and 0.66, respectively. CnTI-SonoVue-HyCoSy does not require a learning curve period. Conclusion(s): CnTI-SonoVue-HyCoSy is more accurate than Hydro-HyCoSy for the assessment of fallopian tubes. The very high normal predictive value of Hydro-HyCoSy suggests that this procedure could be performed as a screening examination, whereas CnTI-SonoVue-HyCoSy could be used as a second-step technique.