Oxidative stress, vitamin A and vitamin E behaviour in patients submitted to conservative surgery for complicated Crohn's disease

AIMS: To assess whether plasma peroxidation and plasma levels of antioxidant compounds are correlated with clinical and biochemical activity in complicated Crohn's disease patients, and to evaluate whether the relief of obstructive complication by conservative surgery has any effect on the oxidative stress. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From May 1998 to May 2000, 20 Crohn's disease patients were studied. Basal peroxidative state (basal thiobarbituric acid reactive substances), peroxidative state after stimulation with copper sulfate (stimulated thiobarbituric acid reactive substances], lag time of plasma peroxidation susceptibility, plasma levels of vitamin E and A, C reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and Crohn's disease activity index, were determined, before surgery, then 2 months and 1 year after surgery. A group of 134 healthy volunteers were used as controls. All patients were treated by conservative surgical procedures (i.e., strictureplasty and/or minimal resections). Student t test for paired and unpaired data and Spearman R correlation coefficient were calculated. RESULTS: Peroxidative plasma levels, as well as inflammatory indices, are significantly reduced 2 months and 1 year after surgery (p < 0.005), but basal levels of peroxidation and antioxidant scavengers seem to be disregulated in Crohn's disease patients compared to those in controls (p < 0.005). A correlation was found between basal thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, lag-time and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (R:0.51; p < 0.05. R:0.56; p < 0.05) and C reactive protein (R:0. 6; p < 0.005. R:0. 65; p < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: An imbalance between pro- and antioxidant mechanisms, due to chronic gut inflammation, is present in complicated Crohn's disease, and an excess of lipid peroxidation is probably an important pathogenetic factor Conservative surgery can reduce the oxidative stress avoiding repeated or extended resections that could lead to intestinal malabsorption and short bowel syndrome.