Geomorphology of the Jebel Akhdar Dome (Northern Sultanate of Oman): tectonics, surface processes and landscape evolution

This study presents a comprehensive geomorphological map of the Jebel Akhdar dome in the northern Sultanate of Oman, a prominent carbonate dome formed during the Late Cretaceous obduction of the Semail Ophiolite. The integration of remote sensing observations and field surveys validations permits to recognise landforms at different scales, and thus complete the geomorphological mapping. The research identifies key landforms shaped by complex interactions between tectonics, surface processes, and climate. The region's landscape reflects a long evolutionary history beginning with Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic tectonic doming and uplift, followed by prevailing exogenous processes during the Miocene-Quaternary, characterised by erosion, karstification, and fluvial and slope processes, with ongoing tectonic activity influencing landscape dynamics. Human interventions have also affected topographic features. Overall, the geomorphology of Jebel Akhdar dome exemplifies the interplay of endogenous and exogenous forces over geological timescales, providing vital insights into landscape evolution in arid environments and complex geodynamic settings.