OBJECTIVES This narrative review critically ana lyzes the most recent literature (2018–2025) on the impact of the prosthetic emergence angle (EA) and emergence profile (EP) on peri-implant health, with particular focus on whether a wide EA (>30°) or a convex profile may increase the risk of biological complications, also considering the influence of im plant–abutment connection type and prosthetic design. MATERIALS AND METHODS A narrative review of the literature was conducted using PubMed, Co chrane Library, Embase, and Sco pus databases. The search strategy was based on MeSH terms and free-text keywords combined with Boolean operators: (emergence an gle OR emergence profile OR re storative contour) AND (dental im plant) AND (peri-implantitis OR mar ginal bone loss). Clinical studies on human patients (retrospective, prospective, random ized, or observational), published in English up to 2025, with at least 10 participants and investigating the in fluence of EA and EP on peri-im plant health, were included. In vitro or animal studies, case re ports, letters, abstracts, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses were excluded. The main parameters analyzed were the methodology used to mea sure EA, implant-abutment connec tion type, prosthetic configuration, follow-up duration, marginal bone loss, and prevalence of peri-implan titis. Data were summarized in a comparative format. RESULTS Ten studies met the inclusion crite ria. Five (Katafuchi et al.[1] ; Yi et al.[2]; Majzoub et al.[3]; Wang et al.[4]; Cor bella et al.[5]) reported a significant correlation between an emergence angle greater than 30°-45° and a higher prevalence of peri-implanti tis, whereas four (Lops et al.[6]; Hentenaar et al.[7]; Volp et al.[8]; Ylman et al.[9]) found no relevant associations, suggesting that methodological differences and the use of three-dimensional analyses (CBCT) may explain part of the vari ability in outcomes. Inoue et al.[10] identified an optimal EA range between 20° and 40° in the presence of internal conical con nections. A convex emergence profile was as sociated with an increased risk of in flammation and attachment loss, while concave or straight profiles promoted soft-tissue stability. CONCLUSIONS An emergence angle greater than 30°, particularly exceeding 45°, and a convex emergence profile appear to be potential risk factors for peri-implant health. Converse ly, internal conical connections, concave emergence profiles, and customized prosthetic designs seem to enhance soft-tissue inte gration and reduce the risk of peri-implantitis. Further long-term prospective stud ies with standardized three-dimen sional measurement protocols are needed to confirm these findings and translate them into shared clini cal guidelines. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Prosthetic design plays a crucial role in maintaining peri-implant health. Limiting the emergence angle to be low 30°, favoring concave profiles, and employing internal conical con nections can significantly reduce the risk of peri-implantitis. Awareness of these morphological parameters should guide digital planning and prosthetic workflows, ensuring the long-term biological and functional success of im plant-supported rehabilitations.
OBIETTIVI: La presente revisione narrativa analizza criticamente la letteratura più recente (2018–2025) sull’impatto dell’angolo e del profilo di emergenza protesico sulla salute peri-implantare, valutando in particolare se un angolo ampio (EA >30°) o un profilo convesso possano aumentare il rischio di complicanze biologiche, in relazione anche al tipo di connessione e di protesi utilizzata. MATERIALI E METODI: È stata condotta una revisione narrativa della letteratura utilizzando le banche dati PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase e Scopus, impiegando una strategia di ricerca basata su termini MeSH e parole chiave libere combinate con operatori booleani: (emergence angle OR emergence profile OR restorative contour) AND (dental implant) AND (peri-implantitis OR marginal bone loss). Sono stati inclusi studi clinici su pazienti umani (retrospettivi, prospettici, randomizzati o osservazionali) pubblicati in lingua inglese fino al 2025, con campione ≥10 pazienti e che indagassero l’influenza di EA ed EP sulla salute peri-implantare. Sono stati esclusi studi in vitro o su animali, case report, lettere, abstract, revisioni sistematiche e meta-analisi. I parametri principali analizzati includevano la metodologia di misurazione dell’EA, il tipo di connessione impianto-abutment, la tipologia protesica, la durata del follow- up, la perdita ossea marginale e la prevalenza di perimplantite. I dati sono stati riassunti in forma comparativa. RISULTATI: Dieci studi hanno soddisfatto i criteri di inclusione. Cinque (Katafuchi et al.; Yi et al; Majzoub et al.; Wang et al.; Corbella et al.) hanno evidenziato una correlazione significativa tra un angolo di emergenza superiore a 30°-45° e una maggiore prevalenza di perimplantite, mentre quattro (Lops et al.; Hentenaar et al.; Volp et al.; Ylman et al.) non hanno riscontrato relazioni rilevanti, suggerendo che differenze metodologiche e l’uso di analisi tridimensionali (CBCT) possano spiegare parte della variabilità dei risultati. Inoue et al.[10]hanno indicato come ottimale un EA tra 20° e 40° in presenza di connessioni coniche interne. Un profilo di emergenza convesso è risultato associato a un rischio aumentato di infiammazione e perdita di attacco, mentre profili concavi o dritti favoriscono la stabilità dei tessuti molli. CONCLUSIONI: Un angolo di emergenza superiore a 30°, soprattutto oltre i 45°, e un profilo di emergenza convesso rappresentano potenziali fattori di rischio per la salute periimplantare. Connessioni coniche interne, profili emergenti concavi e una progettazione protesica personalizzata sembrano invece favorire una migliore integrazione dei tessuti molli e ridurre il rischio di perimplantite. Sono necessari ulteriori studi prospettici a lungo termine con metodologie di misurazione standardizzate e tridimensionali per confermare questi risultati e tradurli in linee guida cliniche condivise. SIGNIFICATO CLINICO: La progettazione protesica riveste un ruolo cruciale nel mantenimento della salute peri-implantare. Limitare l’angolo di emergenza al di sotto dei 30°, preferire profili concavi e utilizzare connessioni interne coniche può ridurre significativamente il rischio di perimplantite. La consapevolezza di questi parametri morfologici deve guidare la pianificazione digitale e il workflow protesico, assicurando il successo biologico e funzionale a lungo termine delle riabilitazioni implantari.
L’influenza dell’angolo e del profilo di emergenza protesico sulla salute peri-implantare: revisione narrativa della letteratura recente (2018-2025) / A.P. Iannone, A. Palazzolo, F. Argenta, E. Romeo, S. Storelli. - In: DENTAL CADMOS. - ISSN 2785-4248. - 94:3(2026 Mar 03), pp. 187-192. [10.19256/d.cadmos.03.2026.05]
L’influenza dell’angolo e del profilo di emergenza protesico sulla salute peri-implantare: revisione narrativa della letteratura recente (2018-2025)
A.P. Iannone
Primo
;A. PalazzoloSecondo
;F. Argenta;E. RomeoPenultimo
;S. StorelliUltimo
2026
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This narrative review critically ana lyzes the most recent literature (2018–2025) on the impact of the prosthetic emergence angle (EA) and emergence profile (EP) on peri-implant health, with particular focus on whether a wide EA (>30°) or a convex profile may increase the risk of biological complications, also considering the influence of im plant–abutment connection type and prosthetic design. MATERIALS AND METHODS A narrative review of the literature was conducted using PubMed, Co chrane Library, Embase, and Sco pus databases. The search strategy was based on MeSH terms and free-text keywords combined with Boolean operators: (emergence an gle OR emergence profile OR re storative contour) AND (dental im plant) AND (peri-implantitis OR mar ginal bone loss). Clinical studies on human patients (retrospective, prospective, random ized, or observational), published in English up to 2025, with at least 10 participants and investigating the in fluence of EA and EP on peri-im plant health, were included. In vitro or animal studies, case re ports, letters, abstracts, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses were excluded. The main parameters analyzed were the methodology used to mea sure EA, implant-abutment connec tion type, prosthetic configuration, follow-up duration, marginal bone loss, and prevalence of peri-implan titis. Data were summarized in a comparative format. RESULTS Ten studies met the inclusion crite ria. Five (Katafuchi et al.[1] ; Yi et al.[2]; Majzoub et al.[3]; Wang et al.[4]; Cor bella et al.[5]) reported a significant correlation between an emergence angle greater than 30°-45° and a higher prevalence of peri-implanti tis, whereas four (Lops et al.[6]; Hentenaar et al.[7]; Volp et al.[8]; Ylman et al.[9]) found no relevant associations, suggesting that methodological differences and the use of three-dimensional analyses (CBCT) may explain part of the vari ability in outcomes. Inoue et al.[10] identified an optimal EA range between 20° and 40° in the presence of internal conical con nections. A convex emergence profile was as sociated with an increased risk of in flammation and attachment loss, while concave or straight profiles promoted soft-tissue stability. CONCLUSIONS An emergence angle greater than 30°, particularly exceeding 45°, and a convex emergence profile appear to be potential risk factors for peri-implant health. Converse ly, internal conical connections, concave emergence profiles, and customized prosthetic designs seem to enhance soft-tissue inte gration and reduce the risk of peri-implantitis. Further long-term prospective stud ies with standardized three-dimen sional measurement protocols are needed to confirm these findings and translate them into shared clini cal guidelines. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Prosthetic design plays a crucial role in maintaining peri-implant health. Limiting the emergence angle to be low 30°, favoring concave profiles, and employing internal conical con nections can significantly reduce the risk of peri-implantitis. Awareness of these morphological parameters should guide digital planning and prosthetic workflows, ensuring the long-term biological and functional success of im plant-supported rehabilitations.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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