Self-care and self-efficacy in self-care behaviors of older adults with multiple chronic conditions living in low-middle income country: an observational study

Multiple chronic conditions (MCCs) are highly prevalent worldwide, particularly among adult patients living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Self-care behaviors are recommended to reduce the burden of MCCs and improve outcomes. Self-care is a naturalistic decision-making process that encompasses maintenance, monitoring, and management of chronic conditions. Self-efficacy in self-care, defined as an individual’s confidence in performing effective self-care behaviors, is essential for sustaining long-term behavioral change. However, evidence on self-care and self-efficacy in self-care behaviors among older adults with MCCs in LMICs remains limited. This study aimed to describe self-care and self-efficacy in self-care behaviors among older adults with MCCs living in Albania, an LMIC.