Metabolic and Hormonal Changes in Pediatric Burn Patients: Mechanisms, Evidence, and Care Strategies

Background: Burn injuries constitute a significant global health challenge, especially in pediatric populations, where they are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Pediatric burns require particular attention due to their unique pathophysiology, long-term consequences on growth and development, and psychological impacts. Methods: We propose a comprehensive review of recent advancements in understanding the key aspects of hormonal and metabolic changes in burned children, aiming to guide therapeutic interventions, improve outcomes, and reduce the global burden of these injuries. Results: Effective management of the physiological stress response in pediatric burn patients necessitates a multidisciplinary approach integrating medical, nutritional, and rehabilitative strategies. Timely nutritional support and individualized plans preserve muscle mass, promote wound healing, and reduce complications and organ dysfunction risk. Advances in pharmacological interventions, such as beta-blockers, anabolic agents, and hormonal treatment, offer promising pathways to improve recovery and mitigate long-term complications. Early mobilization and physiotherapy are essential for preventing complications of prolonged immobility, including muscle wasting, joint contractures, and functional decline; their effectiveness is closely tied to advancements in minimally invasive procedures, regenerative medicine, and reconstructive techniques, particularly for pediatric patients. Conclusions: While current strategies have significantly improved survival and outcomes for pediatric burn patients, ongoing research is critical to refine these new care strategies.