The paper concerns a series of structures brought to light outside the terramara of Beneceto (Parma), consisting of 276 regularly aligned foundation pits, covering an area of 70x16 me-tres. These pits delineate the plans of several buildings, separated by drainage ditches. A radiocarbon date, together with the typology of a few potsherds, date the structures to an advanced phase of the Recent Bronze Age. The structures are made up of two connected but independent elements: a roof and a solid raised floor, suitable for supporting heavy loads and appropriate to the hydromorphic character of the soil. The regularity of the layout suggests that a unit of measurement of approxi-mately 0.45m was used.Comparisons with the buildings identified in the terramare, including those on the Forno del Gallo site itself, and the absence of the domestic or productive waste typical of terramare villages, suggest an interpretation of the structures as buildings for not residential, but agricultural use, presumably for storage and partly for livestock penning.Grain size distribution, chemical, and micromorphological analyses highlight the existence of two separate areas. The first reveals pedological features typical of deforestation and tillage. The second is characterized by a concentration of organic carbon and phosphates, typical of the prolonged pres-ence of livestock. Moreover, pedofeatures preserved by a fire that destroyed the buildings reveal the presence of plant tissue and dung probably produced by omnivores (possibly suids).Evaluation of the possible agricultural yields, compared to both the size of the storage spaces and the possible requirements of the population, in addition to comparisons with northern European Bronze Age contexts, suggest that the structures indicate a more advanced management of agricultural and livestock resources than known to date in the terramare area.
L’articolo riguarda una serie di strutture messe in luce all’esterno della terramara di Beneceto (Parma), costituite da 276 fosse di fondazione regolarmente allineate che interessano un’area di m 70 x 16. Esse delineano la planimetria di diversi edifici, separati da canalette di drenaggio. Una data radiometrica, insieme alla tipologia dei pochi reperti ceramici rinvenuti datano le strutture ad una fase avanzata del Bronzo recente. Le strutture sono caratterizzate da due elementi collegati ma indipendenti: un tetto e un robusto piano rialzato, adatto per supportare pesanti carichi e appropriato al carattere idromorfo del suolo. La regolarità della planimetria induce a constatare il ricorrere di misure multipli di 45 cm, possibile unità di misura naturale. Il confronto delle planimetrie e dei possibili alzati con gli edifici identificati nelle terramare, compresi quelli nello stesso sito di Forno del Gallo, e l’assenza degli scarichi domestici o produttivi tipici dei villaggi terramaricoli suggeriscono un’interpretazione delle strutture quali edifici di uso non abitativo, ma agricolo, presumibilmente di stoccaggio e in parte di confinamento del bestiame. Le analisi sedimentologiche, chimiche e micromorfologiche segnalano l’esistenza di due aree separate. Una (esterna alle strutture) mostra strutture pedologiche tipiche di un’area deforestata e coltivata; l’altra è caratterizzata da una forte concentrazione di carbone organico e fosfati, tipici della prolungata presenza di bestiame. Alcuni aggregati conservati da un fuoco che ha distrutto gli edifici, rivelano la presenza di elementi vegetali e stallatico probabilmente prodotti da onnivori ( forse maiali). Le stime ipotetiche delle produzioni agricole comparate sia allo spazio disponibile che al fabbisogno energetico, insieme al confronto con alcuni contesti dell’Europa settentrionale suggeriscono che le strutture indizino una gestione delle risorse agricole e animali più avanzata di quanto ad oggi noto nell’area delle terramare.
The buildings outside the terramara of Forno del Gallo in Beneceto (Parma-Italy) / M. Bernabò Brea, L. Bronzoni, P. Bertolotti, M. Cremaschi, S. Costanzo, C. Basile. - In: ORIGINI. - ISSN 0474-6805. - 46:(2022), pp. 137-203. [10.48235/1034]
The buildings outside the terramara of Forno del Gallo in Beneceto (Parma-Italy)
M. Cremaschi;S. CostanzoPenultimo
;
2022
Abstract
The paper concerns a series of structures brought to light outside the terramara of Beneceto (Parma), consisting of 276 regularly aligned foundation pits, covering an area of 70x16 me-tres. These pits delineate the plans of several buildings, separated by drainage ditches. A radiocarbon date, together with the typology of a few potsherds, date the structures to an advanced phase of the Recent Bronze Age. The structures are made up of two connected but independent elements: a roof and a solid raised floor, suitable for supporting heavy loads and appropriate to the hydromorphic character of the soil. The regularity of the layout suggests that a unit of measurement of approxi-mately 0.45m was used.Comparisons with the buildings identified in the terramare, including those on the Forno del Gallo site itself, and the absence of the domestic or productive waste typical of terramare villages, suggest an interpretation of the structures as buildings for not residential, but agricultural use, presumably for storage and partly for livestock penning.Grain size distribution, chemical, and micromorphological analyses highlight the existence of two separate areas. The first reveals pedological features typical of deforestation and tillage. The second is characterized by a concentration of organic carbon and phosphates, typical of the prolonged pres-ence of livestock. Moreover, pedofeatures preserved by a fire that destroyed the buildings reveal the presence of plant tissue and dung probably produced by omnivores (possibly suids).Evaluation of the possible agricultural yields, compared to both the size of the storage spaces and the possible requirements of the population, in addition to comparisons with northern European Bronze Age contexts, suggest that the structures indicate a more advanced management of agricultural and livestock resources than known to date in the terramare area.Pubblicazioni consigliate
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