The COVID-19 pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to almost seven million deaths worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 causes infection through respiratory transmission and can occur either without any symptoms or with clinical manifestations which can be mild, severe or, in some cases, even fatal. Innate immunity provides the initial defense against the virus by sensing pathogen-associated molecular patterns and triggering signaling pathways that activate the antiviral and inflammatory responses, which limit viral replication and help the identification and removal of infected cells. However, temporally dysregulated and excessive activation of the innate immune response is deleterious for the host and associates with severe COVID-19. In addition to its defensive role, innate immunity is pivotal in priming the adaptive immune response and polarizing its effector function. This capacity is relevant in the context of both SARS-CoV-2 natural infection and COVID-19 vaccination. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge of the innate immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination.

SARS-CoV-2: A Glance at the Innate Immune Response Elicited by Infection and Vaccination / N. Manfrini, S. Notarbartolo, R. Grifantini, E. Pesce. - In: ANTIBODIES. - ISSN 2073-4468. - 13:1(2024), pp. 13.1-13.17. [10.3390/antib13010013]

SARS-CoV-2: A Glance at the Innate Immune Response Elicited by Infection and Vaccination

N. Manfrini
Primo
;
S. Notarbartolo;E. Pesce
Ultimo
Conceptualization
2024

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to almost seven million deaths worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 causes infection through respiratory transmission and can occur either without any symptoms or with clinical manifestations which can be mild, severe or, in some cases, even fatal. Innate immunity provides the initial defense against the virus by sensing pathogen-associated molecular patterns and triggering signaling pathways that activate the antiviral and inflammatory responses, which limit viral replication and help the identification and removal of infected cells. However, temporally dysregulated and excessive activation of the innate immune response is deleterious for the host and associates with severe COVID-19. In addition to its defensive role, innate immunity is pivotal in priming the adaptive immune response and polarizing its effector function. This capacity is relevant in the context of both SARS-CoV-2 natural infection and COVID-19 vaccination. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge of the innate immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination.
COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; human immunology; immune response; innate immunity; vaccines
Settore MED/04 - Patologia Generale
Settore MED/17 - Malattie Infettive
Settore BIO/06 - Anatomia Comparata e Citologia
   One Health Basic and Translational Research Actions addressing Unmet Need on Emerging Infectious Diseases (INF-ACT)
   INF-ACT
   MINISTERO DELL'UNIVERSITA' E DELLA RICERCA
   PE00000007
2024
Article (author)
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/2434/1038836
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