Sourdough process and Spirulina-enrichment can mitigate the limitations of colon fermentation performances of gluten-free breads in non-celiac gut model

In this work, the impact of gluten free (GF) breads enriched with spirulina on the ecology of the colon microbiota of non-celiac volunteers was investigated. Simulation of digestion of GF breads was conducted with an in vitro gut model. Microbiomics and metabolomics analyses were done during colon fermentations to study the modulation of the microbiota. From the results, a general increase in Proteobacteria and no reduction of detrimental microbial metabolites were observed in any conditions. Notwithstanding, algae enriched sourdough breads showed potential functionalities, as the improvement of some health-related ecological indicators, like i) microbiota eubiosis; ii) production of bioactive volatile organic fatty acids; iii) production of bioactives terpenes. Our results indicate that a sourdough fermentation and algae enrichment can mitigate the negative effect of GF breads on gut microbiota of non-celiac consumers.