A few days before the foundation, in Turin, of the first Veterinary School in Italy (1 September 1769), Napoleon Buonaparte was born in Ajaccio (15 August 1769). Later, the Veterinary Schools of Padua, Ferrara, Milan, Modena, Naples were also established. In the following years, when the influence of the rising Napoleonic star progressively extended over the peninsula, from the first military campaign against the Austrians (1796), to the establishment of the Kingdom of Italy (1805), and so to its deposition (1814), no new veterinary school was founded in the territories controlled by the French; however, despite some suppressions (Padua, Ferrara, Modena) and functional downsizing (Turin), important changes were taking place, affecting in particular the School of Milan. This was completely reorganized (expansion of the teaching staff, reorganization of courses, change of seat, institution of the boarding school) and became the only complete theoretical-practical school of the newborn Kingdom, comparable to the famous French schools of Lyon and Alfort. In this process, which lasted several years (1804-1808), the following figures played a fundamental role: Eugene de Beauharnais, Viceroy of Italy, Pietro Moscati, President of the Central Health Magistrate and general Director of Public Education, Professor Giovanni Pozzi, Director of the School, Professor Louis Leroy, French-born veterinary anatomist. The latter was also responsible for the first nucleus of the Milan Anatomical Museum (1808). The re-founding of the Veterinary School was part of a wide-raging program of public works, designed for Milan as the capital city; in the same time it supported the Military Cavalry, constantly engaged in the Italian and European territories. It should be noticed that, during the Napoleonic period, some young veteri narians were trained and graduated from the Milan School who were to become future teachers at other schools, such as Tommaso Bonaccioli (Ferrara), Vincenzo Mazza (Pisa; Naples) and Robert Fauvet (Rome). The School of Naples was a separate case, because its re-foundation, conceived by Joachim Murat as early as 1812, could only be completed after the fall of his Kingdom, at the end of 1815.
Pochi giorni prima della fondazione, a Torino, della prima Scuola veterinaria in Italia (1° settembre 1769), nasceva ad Ajaccio Napoleone Buonaparte (15 agosto 1769). Successivamente, furono costituite anche le Scuole veterinarie di Padova, Ferrara, Milano, Modena, Napoli. Negli anni in cui l’influsso del nascente astro napoleonico si estese progressivamente sulla penisola, dalla prima Campagna militare contro gli Austriaci (1796), alla costituzione del Regno d’Italia (1805), fino poi alla sua destituzione (1814), non fu fondata nessuna nuova scuola veterinaria nei territori controllati dai Francesi; tuttavia, nonostante alcune soppressioni (Padova, Ferrara, Modena) e ridimensionamenti funzionali (Torino), avvennero importanti cambiamenti che interessarono in particolare la Scuola di Milano. Questa venne completamente riorganizzata (ampliamento del corpo docenti, riorganizzazione degli insegnamenti, cambiamento di sede, istituzione del convitto) e divenne l’unica scuola teorico-pratica completa del neonato Regno, paragonabile alle celebri scuole francesi di Lione e di Alfort. In questo processo, durato vari anni (1804-1808), ebbero ruolo fondamentale: Eugenio Beauharnais, viceré d’Italia, Pietro Moscati, presidente del Magistrato centrale di Sanità e direttore generale dell’Istruzione pubblica, il professor Giovanni Pozzi, direttore della Scuola, il professor Louis Leroy, anatomista veterinario di origini francesi. A quest’ultimo si deve anche il primo nucleo di formazione del Museo Anatomico milanese (1808). La rifondazione della Scuola Veterinaria fu inserita in un ampio programma di opere pubbliche pensate per Milano capitale, andando nel contempo a supportare la Cavalleria militare, costantemente impegnata sui territori italiani ed europei. Va ricordato che, durante il periodo napoleonico, si formarono e si diplomarono presso la Scuola Milanese giovani veterinari che sarebbero stati futuri docenti presso altre Scuole, come Tommaso Bonaccioli (Ferrara), Vincenzo Mazza (Pisa; Napoli) e Robert Fauvet (Roma). Caso a parte fu la Scuola di Napoli, dove la rifondazione, ideata da Gioacchino Murat già nel 1812, poté completarsi soltanto dopo la caduta del suo Regno, alla fine del 1815.
Eventi e cambiamenti nelle scuole veterinarie italiane durante il periodo napoleonico (1796-1814) = Events and changes in the Italian Veterinary Schools during the Napoleonic period 1796-1814 / C. Rinaldi, M. Mariani, S. Modina (FONDAZIONE INIZIATIVE ZOOPROFILATTICHE E ZOOTECNICHE). - In: Associazione Italiana Storia della Medicina Veterinaria e della Mascalcia / [a cura di] I. Zoccarato. - Brescia : Fondazione Iniziative Zooprofilattiche e Zootecniche, 2022 Jul. - ISBN 9788897562313. - pp. 9-34 (( Intervento presentato al 2. convegno Convegno Nazionale AISMeVeM tenutosi a Roma nel 2021.
Eventi e cambiamenti nelle scuole veterinarie italiane durante il periodo napoleonico (1796-1814) = Events and changes in the Italian Veterinary Schools during the Napoleonic period 1796-1814
C. Rinaldi
Co-primo
;M. MarianiCo-primo
;S. ModinaUltimo
2022
Abstract
A few days before the foundation, in Turin, of the first Veterinary School in Italy (1 September 1769), Napoleon Buonaparte was born in Ajaccio (15 August 1769). Later, the Veterinary Schools of Padua, Ferrara, Milan, Modena, Naples were also established. In the following years, when the influence of the rising Napoleonic star progressively extended over the peninsula, from the first military campaign against the Austrians (1796), to the establishment of the Kingdom of Italy (1805), and so to its deposition (1814), no new veterinary school was founded in the territories controlled by the French; however, despite some suppressions (Padua, Ferrara, Modena) and functional downsizing (Turin), important changes were taking place, affecting in particular the School of Milan. This was completely reorganized (expansion of the teaching staff, reorganization of courses, change of seat, institution of the boarding school) and became the only complete theoretical-practical school of the newborn Kingdom, comparable to the famous French schools of Lyon and Alfort. In this process, which lasted several years (1804-1808), the following figures played a fundamental role: Eugene de Beauharnais, Viceroy of Italy, Pietro Moscati, President of the Central Health Magistrate and general Director of Public Education, Professor Giovanni Pozzi, Director of the School, Professor Louis Leroy, French-born veterinary anatomist. The latter was also responsible for the first nucleus of the Milan Anatomical Museum (1808). The re-founding of the Veterinary School was part of a wide-raging program of public works, designed for Milan as the capital city; in the same time it supported the Military Cavalry, constantly engaged in the Italian and European territories. It should be noticed that, during the Napoleonic period, some young veteri narians were trained and graduated from the Milan School who were to become future teachers at other schools, such as Tommaso Bonaccioli (Ferrara), Vincenzo Mazza (Pisa; Naples) and Robert Fauvet (Rome). The School of Naples was a separate case, because its re-foundation, conceived by Joachim Murat as early as 1812, could only be completed after the fall of his Kingdom, at the end of 1815.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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