The collaborationism trials conducted across Europe at the end of the Second World War are the subject of a growing multidisciplinary interest, which – through the category of transitional justice – seeks to analyse the coexistence of forms of legal justice and extrajudicial violence. In Italy, transition from fascism to democracy has been the object of constant scrutiny and enquiry over the course of the year. The debate has been polarised between inflexible and irreconcilable positions. Many have pointed out that the post-war period was characterised by a failed purge and by a high degree of continuity. Others have observed that in some areas of northern Italy the reckoning with the fascists and the collaborators of the Repubblica Sociale Italiana was particularly violent. According to this interpretation, at the end of the war Emilia-Romagna would have been the epicentre of a "triangle of death", where members of the partisan brigades carried out an indiscriminate and radical purge. Through a critical reading of a provincial case, this thesis aims to offer a more balanced view of the Italian transition. This analysis focuses not only on episodes of summary violence, but also examines efforts to restore legality to overcome the vengeances and the resentment that had matured during the years of fascism and civil war. Through the prosopographical study of the biographies of dozens of perpetrators, this study attempts to focus on a case study of Italian collaborationism. Moreover, the post-war trials are also assessed in respect to the public memory of fascism and anti-fascism that emerged after 1945, in order to identify elements of longue durée that have influenced the representation of Italian collaborationism and of the Resistance.
I processi per collaborazionismo che si celebrano in tutta Europa alla fine della Seconda guerra mondiale sono oggetto di un crescente interesse multidisciplinare, che attraverso la categoria di “giustizia di transizione” cerca di analizzare la convivenza di forme di giustizia legale e di violenza sommaria. In Italia il dibattito sulla transizione si è polarizzato negli anni intorno a posizioni schematiche e inconciliabili. Secondo alcuni studiosi il dopoguerra è stato caratterizzato da una forte continuità tra fascismo e nuovo Stato democratico, e da un’epurazione mancata. Altri studiosi hanno messo in luce come in alcune zone dell’Italia settentrionale la resa dei conti con i fascisti e i collaborazionisti della Rsi sia stata particolarmente violenta. Secondo questa interpretazione, l’Emilia-Romagna sarebbe stata alla fine della guerra l’epicentro di un “triangolo della morte”, dove le formazioni partigiane mettono in atto un’epurazione indiscriminata e radicale. Attraverso la lettura critica di un caso provinciale, lo scopo della tesi è offrire una più equilibrata visione della transizione italiana. L’analisi non si focalizza soltanto sugli episodi di violenza sommaria, ma sottolinea gli sforzi per riportare alla legalità le vendette e i rancori maturati negli anni del fascismo e della guerra civile. Attraverso lo studio prosopografico di decine di biografie di perpetratori, lo studio cerca di mettere a fuoco una casistica del collaborazionismo italiano. Inoltre, i processi del dopoguerra vengono valutati anche rispetto alla memoria pubblica del fascismo e dell’antifascismo che si costruisce dopo il 1945, per inquadrare elementi di longue durée che hanno influenzato la rappresentazione del collaborazionismo italiano e della Resistenza.
NELLA PROVINCIA SELVAGGIA. REGGIO EMILIA ALLA FINE DELLA SECONDA GUERRA MONDIALE / I. Meloni ; tutor: M. Cuzzi ; coordinatore: M. Soresina. Dipartimento di Studi Storici, 2023 Jul 14. 35. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2022.
NELLA PROVINCIA SELVAGGIA. REGGIO EMILIA ALLA FINE DELLA SECONDA GUERRA MONDIALE
I. Meloni
2023
Abstract
The collaborationism trials conducted across Europe at the end of the Second World War are the subject of a growing multidisciplinary interest, which – through the category of transitional justice – seeks to analyse the coexistence of forms of legal justice and extrajudicial violence. In Italy, transition from fascism to democracy has been the object of constant scrutiny and enquiry over the course of the year. The debate has been polarised between inflexible and irreconcilable positions. Many have pointed out that the post-war period was characterised by a failed purge and by a high degree of continuity. Others have observed that in some areas of northern Italy the reckoning with the fascists and the collaborators of the Repubblica Sociale Italiana was particularly violent. According to this interpretation, at the end of the war Emilia-Romagna would have been the epicentre of a "triangle of death", where members of the partisan brigades carried out an indiscriminate and radical purge. Through a critical reading of a provincial case, this thesis aims to offer a more balanced view of the Italian transition. This analysis focuses not only on episodes of summary violence, but also examines efforts to restore legality to overcome the vengeances and the resentment that had matured during the years of fascism and civil war. Through the prosopographical study of the biographies of dozens of perpetrators, this study attempts to focus on a case study of Italian collaborationism. Moreover, the post-war trials are also assessed in respect to the public memory of fascism and anti-fascism that emerged after 1945, in order to identify elements of longue durée that have influenced the representation of Italian collaborationism and of the Resistance.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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