The dissertation addresses the issue of the position of shareholders in companies under composition with creditors, with regard to their voice rights and powers, both in the initial stage of access to the procedure and in the stage of approval and execution of the plan. In relation to the first phase, the question arises in terms of whether or not shareholders shall participate in the decision on access to the procedure and in the definition of the contents of the plan, as well as the manner in which such participation shall be articulated. These issues, which can be traced back to the perspective of the analysis of shareholders ex latere debitoris, are corporate governance-related and are linked with those of information rights in favor of shareholders at the stage of entry into the procedure. The second phase focuses on the position of shareholders (ex latere creditoris) with respect to the approval of the plan, also in those specific cases in which the plan itself contemplates transactions that, by rule of corporate law, require their consent. In this regard, the thesis examines the implications of the recent Italian choice (made also by way of transposition of Directive (EU) 2019/1032) to provide for the placement of shareholders – on a mandatory or optional basis as the case may be – in special voting classes, as well as creditors. Such analysis is carried out in order to understand, in general terms, the reasons behind the classification of voters and to examine the level of protection thus offered to shareholders, as well as the impact of the mentioned choice on the issue of countering shareholders’ obstructive behaviors. The dissertation pays particular attention to the differences between restructuring procedures and liquidation procedures and offers differentiated interpretative solutions, despite the current Italian law sometimes does not provide for any distinction in this regard. Moreover, an approach aimed at enhancing the relevance of company’s size (and, in particular, the special features of “smaller” companies) is adopted, as the mentioned Directive allowed for. In particular, the role that shareholders play depending on the structural and socio-economic features of the company is adequately taken into account. This leads, on the one hand, to reject hypotheses that ignore the differences related to the type and dimension of companies, and, on the other hand, to propose interpretative solutions that are consistent with the real protection needs that arise in each individual case.
Il lavoro di tesi affronta il tema della posizione dei soci nel contesto della procedura di concordato preventivo della società, sul versante dei loro diritti c.d. di voice, sia nella fase iniziale dell’accesso alla procedura, sia in quella relativa all’approvazione del piano e all’esecuzione dell’accordo omologato. Con riferimento alla prima fase la questione si pone nei termini della partecipazione o meno dei soci alla decisione relativa all’accesso al concordato e alla definizione dei contenuti concreti del piano, nonché delle modalità in cui tale partecipazione si articola. Il tema, che è riconducibile alla prospettiva di analisi dei soci ex latere debitoris, evoca profili inerenti alla governance societaria e si intreccia con quello dell’informazione in favore dei soci nella fase di ingresso in procedura. La seconda fase pone al centro dell’attenzione la posizione dei soci (ex latere creditoris) rispetto all’approvazione del piano, anche nella specifica ipotesi in cui lo stesso contempli operazioni che, per regola di diritto societario, richiedano il loro consenso. A tal proposito, il lavoro esamina le implicazioni della recente scelta del legislatore italiano, anche in attuazione della Direttiva (UE) 2019/1032 (c.d. restructuring), di prevedere la collocazione dei soci – su base obbligatoria o facoltativa a seconda dei casi – in apposita classe di votanti, al pari dei creditori. Ciò sia in un’ottica volta a ricostruire sistematicamente l’istituto del classamento dei votanti, sia nella prospettiva dell’analisi del livello di tutela così offerto ai soci, nonché dell’impatto della menzionata scelta sul tema del contrasto a possibili loro condotte “ostruzionistiche”. Il lavoro presta particolare attenzione alle finalità concrete dei concordati, in un’ottica volta a distinguere le soluzioni interpretative prospettabili in ragione delle differenze esistenti fra concordati di ristrutturazione e concordati essenzialmente liquidatori, sebbene l’attuale disciplina tenda, sotto certi profili, a ricondurre all’interno di un’unica fattispecie tanto ipotesi liquidatorie, quanto ipotesi di risanamento. Si assume, inoltre, una impostazione volta a valorizzare le dimensioni dell’organismo produttivo e, in particolare, le specificità delle imprese “minori”, come la Direttiva restructuring in più passaggi consente. Ciò induce, per un verso, a rigettare ipotesi ricostruttive che ignorino le differenze tipologiche e dimensionali fra imprese assoggettabili alla procedura concordataria e, per altro verso, a proporre soluzioni interpretative che, considerando adeguatamente il ruolo e la posizione che i soci rivestono a seconda delle caratteristiche strutturali e socio-economiche dell’impresa, siano coerenti con le concrete esigenze di tutela che nei singoli casi si profilano.
I DIRITTI DI VOICE DEI SOCI NEL CONCORDATO PREVENTIVO DELLA SOCIETÀ / F. Viola ; coordinatore del corso di dottorato: G. Ludovico ; tutor: M. Rescigno. Dipartimento di Scienze Giuridiche Cesare Beccaria, 2023 May 05. 35. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2022.
I DIRITTI DI VOICE DEI SOCI NEL CONCORDATO PREVENTIVO DELLA SOCIETÀ
F. Viola
2023
Abstract
The dissertation addresses the issue of the position of shareholders in companies under composition with creditors, with regard to their voice rights and powers, both in the initial stage of access to the procedure and in the stage of approval and execution of the plan. In relation to the first phase, the question arises in terms of whether or not shareholders shall participate in the decision on access to the procedure and in the definition of the contents of the plan, as well as the manner in which such participation shall be articulated. These issues, which can be traced back to the perspective of the analysis of shareholders ex latere debitoris, are corporate governance-related and are linked with those of information rights in favor of shareholders at the stage of entry into the procedure. The second phase focuses on the position of shareholders (ex latere creditoris) with respect to the approval of the plan, also in those specific cases in which the plan itself contemplates transactions that, by rule of corporate law, require their consent. In this regard, the thesis examines the implications of the recent Italian choice (made also by way of transposition of Directive (EU) 2019/1032) to provide for the placement of shareholders – on a mandatory or optional basis as the case may be – in special voting classes, as well as creditors. Such analysis is carried out in order to understand, in general terms, the reasons behind the classification of voters and to examine the level of protection thus offered to shareholders, as well as the impact of the mentioned choice on the issue of countering shareholders’ obstructive behaviors. The dissertation pays particular attention to the differences between restructuring procedures and liquidation procedures and offers differentiated interpretative solutions, despite the current Italian law sometimes does not provide for any distinction in this regard. Moreover, an approach aimed at enhancing the relevance of company’s size (and, in particular, the special features of “smaller” companies) is adopted, as the mentioned Directive allowed for. In particular, the role that shareholders play depending on the structural and socio-economic features of the company is adequately taken into account. This leads, on the one hand, to reject hypotheses that ignore the differences related to the type and dimension of companies, and, on the other hand, to propose interpretative solutions that are consistent with the real protection needs that arise in each individual case.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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