Il nuovo regolamento comunitario LULUCF: sfide e opportunità per il settore forestale italiano = The new EU LULUCF regulation: challenges and opportunities for the Italian forest sector

The entry into force of the new Italian national forest law was followed by the recent approval of the new European regulation 2018/841 on the inclusion of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) from land use, land use change and forest (the so called LULUCF sector) into the 2030 climate and energy reduction targets. While the national forest law has been extensively debated, the EU regulation has not received, at least in Italy, a due attention by the forest sector. Since the Kyoto Protocol in 1997, the accounting and reporting of GHG for the forestry sector has been strongly debated and constrained by a series of technical issues, such as the quantification of the actual contribution of anthropogenic activities to GHG removals. The new LULUCF regulation seeks to overcome these limits by proposing a novel approach for accounting GHG emissions and removals in the forestry sector for the period 2020-2030. Moreover, emissions in the forest sector become more comparable to those in other sectors. The most innovative aspects refer to the so-called Forest Reference Level (FRL), and to the inclusion of accounting procedures also for Harvested Wood Products. The FRL is an estimate of the expected GHG emissions and removals in managed forest lands, against which the future GHG emissions and removals will be calculated. Despite originally based on policy assumptions (e.g., expected harvest), the new FRL is based on estimating the theoretical development of forests resulting from the continuation of the management practices as observed in the reference period 2000-2009. Thus, the FRL incorporates the age-structure dynamics of forest stands, and allows for increasing removals in aging forests. In this way, any impact of changes in forest management on GHG emissions will be considered, as in other sectors. Considering that Member States have the responsibility to account for GHG emissions and removals for the LULUCF sector, the implementation of the new LULUCF regulation, and the inherent calculation of the FRL represent both a challenge (for defining past and future management practices and harvest) and an opportunity (for enhancing the forestry-wood and energy chain) for the forestry sector in Italy.