CPEB1-dependent disruption of the mRNA translation program in oocytes during maternal aging

The molecular causes of deteriorating oocyte quality during aging are poorly defined. Since oocyte developmental competence relies on post-transcriptional regulations, we tested whether defective mRNA translation contributes to this decline in quality. Disruption in ribosome loading on maternal transcripts is present in old oocytes. Using a candidate approach, we detect altered translation of 3'-UTR-reporters and altered poly(A) length of the endogenous mRNAs. mRNA polyadenylation depends on the cytoplasmic polyadenylation binding protein 1 (CPEB1). Cpeb1 mRNA translation and protein levels are decreased in old oocytes. This decrease causes de-repression of Ccnb1 translation in quiescent oocytes, premature CDK1 activation, and accelerated reentry into meiosis. De-repression of Ccnb1 is corrected by Cpeb1 mRNA injection in old oocytes. Oocyte-specific Cpeb1 haploinsufficiency in young oocytes recapitulates all the translation phenotypes of old oocytes. These findings demonstrate that a dysfunction in the oocyte translation program is associated with the decline in oocyte quality during aging.