Multidimensional evaluation of the effects of Ramadan intermittent fasting on the health of female students at the University of Bahrain

This research aimed to assess the effects of Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF) on different dimensions, namely calorie intake, fullness and hunger sensations, mental health, body weight, waist circumference (WC), quality of sleep, body composition, hydration and nutritional status among female students at the University of Bahrain. A prospective single cohort study was conducted on 20 female students. The measurements were taken before Ramadan as well as the end of each week of Ramadan. From baseline to the end of Ramadan, there was a significant decrease in body weight (−0.779 kg, CI95% −1.287, −0.271), fat mass (FM) (−1.735 kg, CI95% −2.349, −1.122) and WC (−2.158 cm, CI95% −3.902, −0.414). In addition, the Hydragram® showed an increase at week 4 (0.288% CI95% 0.72, 0.504) and nutritional status with Nutrigram® increased during the time (Ptrend <0.001). No changes were detected for anxiety status, hunger and fullness sensations and quality of sleep. The decrease in weight positively affected the loss of FM (r = 0.597), and the increase in the Pittsburgh sleep quality index affected the reduction of FM (r= −0.460). The Ptrend<0.01 for visual analogue scales and WC showed a clear effect of time on these outcomes. The findings of this study suggest potential benefits of RIF on cardiovascular and metabolic health.