Using the pathosystem Phaseolus vulgaris-tobacco necrosis virus (TNV), we demonstrated that PD-L1 and PD-L4, type-1 ribosome inactivating proteins (RIPs) from leaves of Phytolacca dioica L., possess a strong antiviral activity. This activity was exerted both when the RIPs and the virus were inoculated together in the same leaf and when they were inoculated or applied separately in the adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces. This suggests that virus inhibition would mainly occur inside plant cells at the onset of infection. Histochemical studies showed that both PD-L1 and PD-L4 were not able to induce oxidative burst and cell death in treated leaves, which were instead elicited by inoculation of the virus alone. Furthermore, when RIPs and TNV were inoculated together, no sign of H2O2 deposits and cell death were detectable, indicating that the virus could have been inactivated in a very early stage of infection, before the elicitation of a hypersensitivity reaction. In conclusion, the strong antiviral activity is likely exerted inside host cells as soon the virus disassembles to start translation of the viral genome. This activity is likely directed towards both viral and ribosomal RNA, explaining the almost complete abolition of infection when virus and RIP enter together into the cells.

Antiviral activity of PD-L1 and PD-L4, type 1 ribosome inactivating proteins from leaves of phytolacca dioica L. In the pathosystem phaseolus vulgaris-Tobacco Necrosis Virus (TNV) / D. Bulgari, N. Landi, S. Ragucci, F. Faoro, A. Di Maro. - In: TOXINS. - ISSN 2072-6651. - 12:8(2020 Aug 14), pp. 524.1-524.13. [10.3390/toxins12080524]

Antiviral activity of PD-L1 and PD-L4, type 1 ribosome inactivating proteins from leaves of phytolacca dioica L. In the pathosystem phaseolus vulgaris-Tobacco Necrosis Virus (TNV)

D. Bulgari;F. Faoro
Penultimo
;
2020

Abstract

Using the pathosystem Phaseolus vulgaris-tobacco necrosis virus (TNV), we demonstrated that PD-L1 and PD-L4, type-1 ribosome inactivating proteins (RIPs) from leaves of Phytolacca dioica L., possess a strong antiviral activity. This activity was exerted both when the RIPs and the virus were inoculated together in the same leaf and when they were inoculated or applied separately in the adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces. This suggests that virus inhibition would mainly occur inside plant cells at the onset of infection. Histochemical studies showed that both PD-L1 and PD-L4 were not able to induce oxidative burst and cell death in treated leaves, which were instead elicited by inoculation of the virus alone. Furthermore, when RIPs and TNV were inoculated together, no sign of H2O2 deposits and cell death were detectable, indicating that the virus could have been inactivated in a very early stage of infection, before the elicitation of a hypersensitivity reaction. In conclusion, the strong antiviral activity is likely exerted inside host cells as soon the virus disassembles to start translation of the viral genome. This activity is likely directed towards both viral and ribosomal RNA, explaining the almost complete abolition of infection when virus and RIP enter together into the cells.
Antiviral proteins; Phytolacca dioica L; Protein purification; Ribosome inactivating proteins; Tobacco necrosis virus; Antiviral Agents; B7-H1 Antigen; Host Microbial Interactions; Phaseolus; Phytolacca; Plant Leaves; Plant Proteins; Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1; Tombusviridae
Settore AGR/12 - Patologia Vegetale
Settore BIO/10 - Biochimica
14-ago-2020
Article (author)
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/2434/951762
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