Moyamoya angiopathy (MMA) is a peculiar cerebrovascular condition characterized by progressive steno-occlusion of the terminal part of the internal carotid arteries (ICAs) and their proximal branches, associated with the development of a network of fragile collateral vessels at the base of the brain. The diagnosis is essentially made by radiological angiographic techniques. MMA is often idiopathic (moyamoya disease-MMD); conversely, it can be associated with acquired or hereditary conditions (moyamoya Syndrome-MMS); however, the pathophysiology underlying either MMD or MMS has not been fully elucidated to date, and this poor knowledge reflects uncertainties and heterogeneity in patient management. MMD and MMS also have similar clinical expressions, including, above all, ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes, then headaches, seizures, cognitive impair-ment, and movement disorders. The available treatment strategies are currently shared between idiopathic MMD and MMS, including pharmacological and surgical stroke prevention treatments and symptomatic drugs. No pharmacological treatment able to reverse the progressive disappear-ance of the ICAs has been found to date in both idiopathic and syndromic cases. Antithrombotic agents are usually prescribed in ischemic MMA, although the coexisting hemorrhagic risk should be considered. Surgical revascularization techniques, which are currently the best available treatment in symptomatic MMA, are associated with good long-term outcomes and reduced ischemic and hemorrhagic risks. Given the lack of dedicated randomized clinical trials, current treatment is mainly based on observational studies and physicians’ and surgeons’ expertise.
Clinical management of moyamoya patients / I. Canavero, I.G. Vetrano, M. Zedde, R. Pascarella, L. Gatti, F. Acerbi, S. Nava, P. Ferroli, E.A. Parati, A. Bersano. - In: JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE. - ISSN 2077-0383. - 10:16(2021), pp. 3628.1-3628.20. [10.3390/jcm10163628]
Clinical management of moyamoya patients
I.G. VetranoCo-primo
;
2021
Abstract
Moyamoya angiopathy (MMA) is a peculiar cerebrovascular condition characterized by progressive steno-occlusion of the terminal part of the internal carotid arteries (ICAs) and their proximal branches, associated with the development of a network of fragile collateral vessels at the base of the brain. The diagnosis is essentially made by radiological angiographic techniques. MMA is often idiopathic (moyamoya disease-MMD); conversely, it can be associated with acquired or hereditary conditions (moyamoya Syndrome-MMS); however, the pathophysiology underlying either MMD or MMS has not been fully elucidated to date, and this poor knowledge reflects uncertainties and heterogeneity in patient management. MMD and MMS also have similar clinical expressions, including, above all, ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes, then headaches, seizures, cognitive impair-ment, and movement disorders. The available treatment strategies are currently shared between idiopathic MMD and MMS, including pharmacological and surgical stroke prevention treatments and symptomatic drugs. No pharmacological treatment able to reverse the progressive disappear-ance of the ICAs has been found to date in both idiopathic and syndromic cases. Antithrombotic agents are usually prescribed in ischemic MMA, although the coexisting hemorrhagic risk should be considered. Surgical revascularization techniques, which are currently the best available treatment in symptomatic MMA, are associated with good long-term outcomes and reduced ischemic and hemorrhagic risks. Given the lack of dedicated randomized clinical trials, current treatment is mainly based on observational studies and physicians’ and surgeons’ expertise.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
Clinical Management of Moyamoya Patients.pdf
accesso aperto
Tipologia:
Publisher's version/PDF
Dimensione
1.27 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
1.27 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
Pubblicazioni consigliate
I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.