LA SVOLTA AMOROSA DELLA FENOMENOLOGIA FRANCESE. LA POSSIBILITÀ DI UN'ETICA FENOMENOLOGIA

The question of ethics is as old as phenomenology. Husserl held numerous series of lectures on ethics throughout his academic career. When Heidegger wrote Sein und Zeit, some critics thought the book was a text on moral philosophy and ethics. According to Husserl, the task of phenomenology with regard to ethics is the clarification of the formal conditions of practical reason. Phenomenology (in accordance with its own method) must suspend judgment on moral values and must focus on the formal connections necessary for ethical reasoning. However, analyzing the texts, it is clear how Husserl gradually accords more space to circumstance: the study of moral judgment shows how singularity and historicity cannot be underestimated. When man has to choose what is right, the most universal thing is the importance of the singular. As far as Husserl is concerned, the main driving force of ethical actions is love, and love can only be understood within circumstance. From this point of view, Heidegger and Husserl show unprecedented proximity. According to Heidegger, there is no difference between ethics and ontology: being is what happens. Ethics shows the potential and limits of phenomenology: the phenomenological investigation of ethics indicates the possibility of further avenues of investigation. The subject "becomes himself" in the exercise of ethical discernment. Levinas and Marion follow the path of the investigation of how the subject becomes such in relation to otherness. In their investigations they cross the question of love, which is fundamental for the constitution of the subject. The second part of the research evaluates the path of French phenomenology as an important theoretical attempt to investigate what Husserl only indicated by impacting, writing about the weight of singularity and history.