Since the end of the nineteenth century in U.S. libraries and research centers there has been a growth in book collections that, in 1944, is calculated as exponential. Growth that undergoes a sharp increase after World War II, noting, at the same time, a high rate of overlap between collections, which reduces the total holdings to about two-thirds of the world's published holdings. Using the technology of the time, based essentially on procedures for microfilming documents, proposals for deduplicating collections and reducing the amount of space occupied on the shelf are being developed from a lot of quarters, while electrical, or electronic, devices are being designed and, at times, realized combining the optical element, microfilms, with information retrieval techniques to achieve information discovery integrated with document retrieval. It was actually a series of devices based on the same operating principles, such as electrical photocells, microfilm and high-speed photography, invented, reinvented and reengineered, from which some prototypes were created, until, completely rethought by another inventor, one went into production and was successfully and commercially used. Some of the figures who gravitated around these devices have either remained in the shadows or have been forgotten: this paper, beyond documenting a pioneering period that was very significant for librarianship and for the developments of future information retrieval systems, aims at representing the importance and the role that these people played.
Dalla fine dell’Ottocento nelle biblioteche e nei centri di ricerca statunitensi si registra una crescita delle raccolte librarie che, nel 1944, viene calcolata come esponenziale. Crescita che subisce un forte incremento nel secondo dopoguerra, rilevando, nel contempo, un elevato tasso di sovrapposizione tra le raccolte, che riduce il posseduto complessivo a circa due terzi di quanto pubblicato al mondo. Utilizzando la tecnologia dell’epoca, basata essenzialmente sulle procedure di microfilmatura dei documenti, vengono da più parti elaborate proposte per la deduplicazione delle raccolte e la riduzione dello spazio occupato a scaffale, mentre vengono progettati e, in alcuni casi, realizzati dispositivi elettrici, o elettronici, che uniscono l’elemento ottico, i microfilm, con tecniche di information retrieval per ottenere il reperimento delle informazioni, integrato con il recupero dei documenti. In realtà si tratta di una serie di dispositivi basati sugli stessi principi di funzionamento, fotocellule elettriche, microfilm e fotografia ad alta velocità, inventati, reinventati e reingegnerizzati, dei quali vennero realizzati solo alcuni prototipi fino a quando, ripensati completamente da un altro inventore, uno di essi non entrò in produzione e venne utilizzato con successo a livello commerciale. Alcune delle figure che gravitarono attorno a questi dispositivi sono rimaste nell’ombra oppure sono state dimenticate: questo lavoro, oltre a documentare un periodo pionieristico molto significativo per la biblioteconomia e per gli sviluppi dei futuri sistemi di recupero delle informazioni, intende rappresentare il ruolo e l’importanza che queste persone hanno avuto.
La sfida della crescita esponenziale delle raccolte nelle biblioteche di ricerca: i primi sistemi di optical electric information retrieval / F. Venuda. - In: AIB STUDI. - ISSN 2239-6152. - 62:2(2022 Aug), pp. 287-302. [10.2426/aibstudi-13750]
La sfida della crescita esponenziale delle raccolte nelle biblioteche di ricerca: i primi sistemi di optical electric information retrieval
F. Venuda
2022
Abstract
Since the end of the nineteenth century in U.S. libraries and research centers there has been a growth in book collections that, in 1944, is calculated as exponential. Growth that undergoes a sharp increase after World War II, noting, at the same time, a high rate of overlap between collections, which reduces the total holdings to about two-thirds of the world's published holdings. Using the technology of the time, based essentially on procedures for microfilming documents, proposals for deduplicating collections and reducing the amount of space occupied on the shelf are being developed from a lot of quarters, while electrical, or electronic, devices are being designed and, at times, realized combining the optical element, microfilms, with information retrieval techniques to achieve information discovery integrated with document retrieval. It was actually a series of devices based on the same operating principles, such as electrical photocells, microfilm and high-speed photography, invented, reinvented and reengineered, from which some prototypes were created, until, completely rethought by another inventor, one went into production and was successfully and commercially used. Some of the figures who gravitated around these devices have either remained in the shadows or have been forgotten: this paper, beyond documenting a pioneering period that was very significant for librarianship and for the developments of future information retrieval systems, aims at representing the importance and the role that these people played.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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