Airborne contamination of the dental operatory during activities performed with open or closed windows

Purpose: To quantify the biological contamination of a dental operatory environment using a biological tracer. Methods: A Streptococcus mutans suspension was infused into the mouth of a phantom, and an operator performed standardized dental procedures using an air turbine, a contra-angle handpiece, or an ultrasonic scaler either with windows open or closed. The presence of the tracer was measured by placing Petri dishes with a selective medium at 18 sites on the dental unit and 38 sites in the surrounding operatory environment. Results: The contamination was drastically reduced when windows were opened, no matter which handpiece was used. Air turbine spread significantly higher contamination compared to contra-angle and scaler. All tested instruments spread the tracer over the entire dental unit and the surrounding environment, including the walls and ceiling; however, higher contamination levels were detected on the dental unit compared to the operatory surfaces. Opening windows during dental operative procedures greatly reduced contamination levels for all handpieces and can be recommended for reducing airborne contamination levels.