The divorce of a freedwoman from her patron against his will represents a peculiar case in the context of the divorce discipline of the Roman world. The legal sources on the subject are unclear and contradictory, affirming sometimes the prohibition of divorce from her patron eo invito, sometimes (also) the exclusion of conubium for the freedwoman who had anyway divorced, sometimes the continuation of the marriage as a consequence of the violation of the prohibition, sometimes its dissolution. Such inconsistencies have resulted in several questions and doubts, which have been variously resolved by the literature. On the basis of the sources, it seems correct to assume that lex Iulia et Papia contained two provisions in this regard: on one side, a general prohibition, for a freedwoman to divorce her patron against his will and, on the other side, the exclusion of the conubium for her when she contravened the law and as long as the patron continued to consider her his wife. The first prohibition has not been interpreted by the jurists and the imperial chancellery in an absolute sense: its violation did not entail the indissolubility of the marriage between the freedwoman and the patron.
La fattispecie del divorzio della liberta dal proprio patrono contro la di lui volontà costituisce un caso peculiare nell’ambito della disciplina divorzile del mondo romano. Le fonti giuridiche sul tema risultano poco chiare e contraddittorie, affermando talvolta il divieto di divorzio dal patrono eo invito, talvolta (anche) l’esclusione del conubium per la liberta che avesse comunque compiuto il divorzio, talvolta il perdurare del matrimonio come conseguenza della violazione del divieto, talvolta il suo scioglimento. Tali incongruenze hanno posto diversi interrogativi e dubbi che sono stati variamente sciolti dalla dottrina romanistica. Alla luce delle fonti pervenute, sembra possibile ipotizzare che la lex Iulia et Papia contenesse due disposizioni a tale riguardo: da un lato, il divieto generale, per la liberta, di divorziare dal proprio patrono senza il suo consenso, dall’altro, la privazione del conubium per costei, qualora avesse contravvenuto il disposto di legge e fintanto che il patrono avesse continuato a considerarla sua moglie. Risulta anche che il divieto di divorziare dal patrono non venne interpretato dalla giurisprudenza e dalla cancelleria imperiale in senso assoluto: la sua violazione non avrebbe determinato l’indissolubilità del vincolo coniugale.
Si filia emancipata diverterat : Il divorzio della figlia in frode al padre / S. LO IACONO. - In: ARCHIVIO GIURIDICO SASSARESE. - ISSN 2785-034X. - 25:2(2020), pp. 505-528.
Si filia emancipata diverterat : Il divorzio della figlia in frode al padre
S. LO IACONO
2020
Abstract
The divorce of a freedwoman from her patron against his will represents a peculiar case in the context of the divorce discipline of the Roman world. The legal sources on the subject are unclear and contradictory, affirming sometimes the prohibition of divorce from her patron eo invito, sometimes (also) the exclusion of conubium for the freedwoman who had anyway divorced, sometimes the continuation of the marriage as a consequence of the violation of the prohibition, sometimes its dissolution. Such inconsistencies have resulted in several questions and doubts, which have been variously resolved by the literature. On the basis of the sources, it seems correct to assume that lex Iulia et Papia contained two provisions in this regard: on one side, a general prohibition, for a freedwoman to divorce her patron against his will and, on the other side, the exclusion of the conubium for her when she contravened the law and as long as the patron continued to consider her his wife. The first prohibition has not been interpreted by the jurists and the imperial chancellery in an absolute sense: its violation did not entail the indissolubility of the marriage between the freedwoman and the patron.Pubblicazioni consigliate
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