Nanosilicon for quantum information

Silicon has raised an increasing interest in the development of future devices for quantum information processing. Quantum computing consists of the implementation of quantum algorithms on a physical substrate made of interacting qubits, the quantum version of digital bits. Quantum algorithms are those algorithms conceived to solve hard computational problems, such as prime factorization of large integers and minimization of multidimensional functionals based on the encoding of the information by quantum states. Quantum information processing involves all the techniques to process quantum information stored in a physical system from the physical to the virtual layer, the quantum error correction, the logical, and finally the application layer. The power of quantum information processing currently relies mainly on two different quantum computing models. On the one hand, there is universal digital quantum computing, also called circuital quantum computing, based on a set of time-reversible quantum logic ports required to cover the spectrum of all possible unitary operations on the qubits.