Mesenchimal stem cells in oral medicine: An overview

This review aims to address the procedures and indications, required for the application of the mesenchymal stem cells treatment strategy of regenerative dentistry. Mesenchymal stem cells have rarely been used in this field; conversely, experience from other clinical fields and basic research seems to recommend the suitability of this scope of application. We reviewed 31 out of 206 articles on Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, etc. The main purpose of this paper is a short review of the literature evaluating the application of stem cells in regenerative dentistry, their ability to get a multilineage differentiation and to introduce a safe and useful alternative way of harvesting and selection. The most common derivation of stem cells used for regenerative dentistry is from the adipose tissue. There are conditions in which the levy adipose cannot be easily achieved, or where large amounts of injectables are not needed. For this purpose, the possibility of selecting stromal stem cells directly from the lax subcutaneous connective tissue preferably of the head region would allow a technical simplification and a greater homology in tissues.