Human breast milk not only has nutritional properties but also holds a functional role. It contains various bioactive factors (lactoferrin, lysozyme, leukocytes, immunoglobulins, cytokines, hormones, human milk oligosaccharides, microbiome, microRNAs and stem cells) shown to con-tribute to several short-and long-term health outcomes. Some of these factors appear to be involved in the infant’s neuro-cognitive development, anti-oncogenic processes, cellular communication and differentiation. Furthermore, breast milk is increasingly recognized to have dynamic characteristics and to play a fundamental role in the cross-talking mother-neonate. This narrative review aims to provide a summary and an update on these bioactive substances, exploring their functions mainly on immunomodulation, microbiome and virome development. Although the knowledge about breast milk potentiality has significantly improved, leading to discovering unexpected functions, the exact mechanisms with which breast milk exercises its bioactivity have not been completely clarified. This can represent a fertile ground for exploring and understanding the complexity behind these functional elements to develop new therapeutic strategies.

Human milk, more than simple nourishment / G. Vizzari, D. Morniroli, F. Ceroni, E. Verduci, A. Consales, L. Colombo, J. Cerasani, F. Mosca, M.L. Gianni. - In: CHILDREN. - ISSN 2227-9067. - 8:10(2021 Sep 28), pp. 863.1-863.15. [10.3390/children8100863]

Human milk, more than simple nourishment

G. Vizzari
Primo
;
D. Morniroli;F. Ceroni;E. Verduci;A. Consales;J. Cerasani;F. Mosca
Penultimo
;
M.L. Gianni
Ultimo
2021

Abstract

Human breast milk not only has nutritional properties but also holds a functional role. It contains various bioactive factors (lactoferrin, lysozyme, leukocytes, immunoglobulins, cytokines, hormones, human milk oligosaccharides, microbiome, microRNAs and stem cells) shown to con-tribute to several short-and long-term health outcomes. Some of these factors appear to be involved in the infant’s neuro-cognitive development, anti-oncogenic processes, cellular communication and differentiation. Furthermore, breast milk is increasingly recognized to have dynamic characteristics and to play a fundamental role in the cross-talking mother-neonate. This narrative review aims to provide a summary and an update on these bioactive substances, exploring their functions mainly on immunomodulation, microbiome and virome development. Although the knowledge about breast milk potentiality has significantly improved, leading to discovering unexpected functions, the exact mechanisms with which breast milk exercises its bioactivity have not been completely clarified. This can represent a fertile ground for exploring and understanding the complexity behind these functional elements to develop new therapeutic strategies.
bio-factors; breast-milk-derived stem cells; growth factors; health outcomes; human milk oligosaccharides; microbiome
Settore MED/38 - Pediatria Generale e Specialistica
28-set-2021
Article (author)
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/2434/897259
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