The global burden of adolescent and young adult cancer in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Alvarez, E.M.; Force, L.M.; Rixing, X.; Compton, K.; Dan, L.; Henrikson, H.J.; Kocarnik, J.M.; Harvey, J.D.; Pennini, A.; Dean, F.E.; Weijia, F.; Vargas, M.T.; Keegan, T.H.M.; Ariffin, H.; Barr, R.D.; Erdomaeva, Y.A.; Gunasekera, D.S.; John-Akinola, Y.O.; Ketterl, T.G.; Kutluk, T.; Malogolowkin, M.H.; Mathur, P.; Radhakrishnan, V.; Ries, L.A.G.; Rodriguez-Galindo, C.; Sagoyan, G.B.; Sultan, I.; Abbasi, B.; Abbasi-Kangevari, M.; Abbasi-Kangevari, Z.; Abbastabar, H.; Abdelmasseh, M.; Abd-Elsalam, S.; Abdoli, A.; Abebe, H.; Abedi, A.; Abidi, H.; Abolhassani, H.; Abubaker Ali, H.; Abu-Gharbieh, E.; Achappa, B.; Acuna, J.M.; Adedeji, I.A.; Adegboye, O.A.; Adnani, Q.E.S.; Advani, S.M.; Afzal, M.S.; Aghaie Meybodi, M.; Ahadinezhad, B.; Ahinkorah, B.O.; Ahmad, S.; Ahmadi, S.; Ahmed, M.B.; Ahmed Rashid, T.; Ahmed Salih, Y.; Aiman, W.; Akalu, G.T.; Al Hamad, H.; Alahdab, F.; Alamodi, A.A.; Alanezi, F.M.; Alanzi, T.M.; Alem, A.Z.; Alem, D.T.; Alemayehu, Y.; Alhalaiqa, F.N.; Alhassan, R.K.; Ali, S.; Alicandro, G.; Alipour, V.; Aljunid, S.M.; Alkhayyat, M.; Alluri, S.; Almasri, N.A.; Al-Maweri, S.A.; Almustanyir, S.; Al-Raddadi, R.M.; Alvis-Guzman, N.; Ameyaw, E.K.; Amini, S.; Amu, H.; Ancuceanu, R.; Andrei, C.L.; Andrei, T.; Ansari, F.; Ansari-Moghaddam, A.; Anvari, D.; Anyasodor, A.E.; Arabloo, J.; Arab-Zozani, M.; Argaw, A.M.; Arshad, M.; Arulappan, J.; Aryannejad, A.; Asemi, Z.; Asghari Jafarabadi, M.; Atashzar, M.R.; Atorkey, P.; Atreya, A.; Attia, S.; Aujayeb, A.; Ausloos, M.; Avila-Burgos, L.; Awedew, A.F.; Ayala Quintanilla, B.P.; Ayele, A.D.; Ayen, S.S.; Azab, M.A.; Azadnajafabad, S.; Azami, H.; Azangou-Khyavy, M.; Azari Jafari, A.; Azarian, G.; Azzam, A.Y.; Bahadory, S.; Bai, J.; Baig, A.A.; Baker, J.L.; Banach, M.; Bärnighausen, T.W.; Barone-Adesi, F.; Barra, F.; Barrow, A.; Basaleem, H.; Batiha, A.M.; Behzadifar, M.; Bekele, N.C.; Belete, R.; Belgaumi, U.I.; Bell, A.W.; Berhie, A.Y.; Bhagat, D.S.; Bhagavathula, A.S.; Bhardwaj, N.; Bhardwaj, P.; Bhaskar, S.; Bhattacharyya, K.; Bhojaraja, V.S.; Bibi, S.; Bijani, A.; Biondi, A.; Birara, S.; Bjørge, T.; Bolarinwa, O.A.; Bolla, S.R.; Boloor, A.; Braithwaite, D.; Brenner, H.; Bulamu, N.B.; Burkart, K.; Bustamante-Teixeira, M.T.; Butt, N.S.; Butt, Z.A.; Caetano Dos Santos, F.L.; Cao, C.; Cao, Y.; Carreras, G.; Catalá-López, F.; Cembranel, F.; Cerin, E.; Chakinala, R.C.; Chakraborty, P.A.; Chattu, V.K.; Chaturvedi, P.; Chaurasia, A.; Chavan, P.P.; Chimed-Ochir, O.; Choi, J.J.; Christopher, D.J.; Chu, D.; Chung, M.T.; Conde, J.; Costa, V.M.; Da'Ar, O.B.; Dadras, O.; Dahlawi, S.M.A.; Dai, X.; Damiani, G.; D'Amico, E.; Dandona, L.; Dandona, R.; Daneshpajouhnejad, P.; Darwish, A.H.; Daryani, A.; De La Hoz, F.P.; Debela, S.A.; Demie, T.G.G.; Demissie, G.D.; Demissie, Z.G.; Denova-Gutiérrez, E.; Derbew Molla, M.; Desai, R.; Desta, A.A.; Dhamnetiya, D.; Dharmaratne, S.D.; Dhimal, M.L.; Dhimal, M.; Dianatinasab, M.; Didehdar, M.; Diress, M.; Djalalinia, S.; Huyen Phuc, D.; Doaei, S.; Dorostkar, F.; Dos Santos, W.M.; Drake, T.M.; Ekholuenetale, M.; El Sayed, I.; El Sayed Zaki, M.; El Tantawi, M.; El-Abid, H.; Elbahnasawy, M.A.; Elbarazi, I.; Elhabashy, H.R.; Elhadi, M.; El-Jaafary, S.I.; Enyew, D.B.; Erkhembayar, R.; Eshrati, B.; Eskandarieh, S.; Faisaluddin, M.; Fares, J.; Farooque, U.; Fasanmi, A.O.; Fatima, W.; Ferreira De Oliveira, J.M.P.; Ferrero, S.; Ferro Desideri, L.; Fetensa, G.; Filip, I.; Fischer, F.; Fisher, J.L.; Foroutan, M.; Fukumoto, T.; Gaal, P.A.; Gad, M.M.; Gaewkhiew, P.; Gallus, S.; Garg, T.; Gebremeskel, T.G.; Gemeda, B.N.B.; Getachew, T.; Ghafourifard, M.; Ghamari, S.; Ghashghaee, A.; Ghassemi, F.; Ghith, N.; Gholami, A.; Gholizadeh Navashenaq, J.; Gilani, S.A.; Ginindza, T.G.; Gizaw, A.T.; Glasbey, J.C.; Goel, A.; Golechha, M.; Goleij, P.; Golinelli, D.; Gopalani, S.V.; Gorini, G.; Goudarzi, H.; Goulart, B.N.G.; Grada, A.; Gubari, M.I.M.; Guerra, M.R.; Guha, A.; Gupta, B.; Gupta, S.; Gupta, V.B.; Gupta, V.K.; Haddadi, R.; Hafezi-Nejad, N.; Hailu, A.; Haj-Mirzaian, A.; Halwani, R.; Hamadeh, R.R.; Hambisa, M.T.; Hameed, S.; Hamidi, S.; Haque, S.; Hariri, S.; Haro, J.M.; Hasaballah, A.I.; Hasan, S.M.M.; Hashemi, S.M.; Hassan, T.S.; Hassanipour, S.; Hay, S.I.; Hayat, K.; Hebo, S.H.; Heidari, G.; Heidari, M.; Herrera-Serna, B.Y.; Herteliu, C.; Heyi, D.Z.; Hezam, K.; Hole, M.K.; Holla, R.; Horita, N.; Hossain, M.M.; Hossain, M.B.; Hosseini, M.; Hosseini, M.; Hosseinzadeh, A.; Hosseinzadeh, M.; Hostiuc, M.; Hostiuc, S.; Househ, M.; Hsairi, M.; Huang, J.; Hussein, N.R.; Hwang, B.; Ibitoye, S.E.; Ilesanmi, O.S.; Ilic, I.M.; Ilic, M.D.; Innos, K.; Irham, L.M.; Islam, R.M.; Islam, S.M.S.; Ismail, N.E.; Isola, G.; Iwagami, M.; Jacob, L.; Jadidi-Niaragh, F.; Jain, V.; Jakovljevic, M.; Janghorban, R.; Javadi Mamaghani, A.; Jayaram, S.; Jayawardena, R.; Jazayeri, S.B.; Jebai, R.; Jha, R.P.; Joo, T.; Joseph, N.; Joukar, F.; Jürisson, M.; Kaambwa, B.; Kabir, A.; Kalankesh, L.R.; Kaliyadan, F.; Kamal, Z.; Kamath, A.; Kandel, H.; Kar, S.S.; Karaye, I.M.; Karimi, A.; Kassa, B.G.; Kauppila, J.H.; Kemp Bohan, P.M.; Kengne, A.P.; Kerbo, A.A.; Keykhaei, M.; Khader, Y.S.; Khajuria, H.; Khalili, N.; Khalili, N.; Khan, E.A.; Khan, G.; Khan, M.; Khan, M.N.; Khan, M.A.; Khanali, J.; Khayamzadeh, M.; Khosravizadeh, O.; Khubchandani, J.; Khundkar, R.; Kim, M.S.; Kim, Y.J.; Kisa, A.; Kisa, S.; Kissimova-Skarbek, K.; Kolahi, A.; Kopec, J.A.; Koteeswaran, R.; Koulmane Laxminarayana, S.L.; Koyanagi, A.; Kugbey, N.; Kumar, G.A.; Kumar, N.; Kwarteng, A.; La Vecchia, C.; Lan, Q.; Landires, I.; Lasrado, S.; Lauriola, P.; Ledda, C.; Lee, S.; Lee, W.; Lee, Y.Y.; Lee, Y.H.; Leigh, J.; Leong, E.; Bingyu, L.; Jiarui, L.; Ming-Chieh, L.; Lim, S.S.; Liu, X.; Lobo, S.W.; Loureiro, J.A.; Lugo, A.; Lunevicius, R.; Magdy Abd El Razek, H.; Magdy Abd El Razek, M.; Mahmoudi, M.; Majeed, A.; Makki, A.; Male, S.; Malekpour, M.; Malekzadeh, R.; Malik, A.A.; Mamun, M.A.; Manafi, N.; Mansour-Ghanaei, F.; Mansouri, B.; Mansournia, M.A.; Martini, S.; Masoumi, S.Z.; Matei, C.N.; Mathur, M.R.; Mcalinden, C.; Mehrotra, R.; Mendoza, W.; Menezes, R.G.; Mentis, A.A.; Meretoja, T.J.; Mersha, A.G.; Mesregah, M.K.; Mestrovic, T.; Miao Jonasson, J.; Miazgowski, B.; Michalek, I.M.; Miller, T.R.; Mingude, A.B.; Mirmoeeni, S.; Mirzaei, H.; Misra, S.; Mithra, P.; Mohammad, K.A.; Mohammadi, M.; Mohammadi, S.M.; Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A.; Mohammadpourhodki, R.; Mohammed, A.; Mohammed, S.; Mohammed, T.A.; Moka, N.; Mokdad, A.H.; Molokhia, M.; Momtazmanesh, S.; Monasta, L.; Moni, M.A.; Moradi, G.; Moradi, Y.; Moradzadeh, M.; Moradzadeh, R.; Moraga, P.; Morrison, S.D.; Mostafavi, E.; Mousavi Khaneghah, A.; Mpundu-Kaambwa, C.; Mubarik, S.; Mwanri, L.; Nabhan, A.F.; Nagaraju, S.P.; Nagata, C.; Naghavi, M.; Naimzada, M.D.; Naldi, L.; Nangia, V.; Naqvi, A.A.; Narasimha Swamy, S.; Narayana, A.I.; Nayak, B.P.; Nayak, V.C.; Nazari, J.; Nduaguba, S.O.; Negoi, I.; Negru, S.M.; Nejadghaderi, S.A.; Nepal, S.; Neupane Kandel, S.; Nggada, H.A.; Nguyen, C.T.; Nnaji, C.A.; Nosrati, H.; Nouraei, H.; Nowroozi, A.; Nuñez-Samudio, V.; Nwatah, V.E.; Nzoputam, C.I.; Oancea, B.; Odukoya, O.O.; Oguntade, A.S.; In-Hwan, O.; Olagunju, A.T.; Olagunju, T.O.; Olakunde, B.O.; Oluwasanu, M.M.; Omar, E.; Omar Bali, A.; Ong, S.; Onwujekwe, O.E.; Ortega-Altamirano, D.V.; Otstavnov, N.; Otstavnov, S.S.; Oumer, B.; Owolabi, M.O.; P A, M.; Padron-Monedero, A.; Padubidri, J.R.; Pakshir, K.; Pana, A.; Pandey, A.; Pardhan, S.; Pashazadeh Kan, F.; Pasovic, M.; Patel, J.R.; Pati, S.; Pattanshetty, S.M.; Paudel, U.; Pereira, R.B.; Peres, M.F.P.; Perianayagam, A.; Postma, M.J.; Pourjafar, H.; Pourshams, A.; Prashant, A.; Pulakunta, T.; Qadir, M.M.F.F.; Rabiee, M.; Rabiee, N.; Radfar, A.; Radhakrishnan, R.A.; Rafiee, A.; Rafiei, A.; Rafiei, S.; Rahim, F.; Rahimzadeh, S.; Rahman, M.; Rahman, M.A.; Rahmani, A.M.; Rajesh, A.; Ramezani-Doroh, V.; Ranabhat, K.; Ranasinghe, P.; Rao, C.R.; Rao, S.J.; Rashedi, S.; Rashidi, M.; Rashidi, M.; Rath, G.K.; Rawaf, D.L.; Rawaf, S.; Rawal, L.; Rawassizadeh, R.; Razeghinia, M.S.; Regasa, M.T.; Renzaho, A.M.N.; Rezaei, M.; Rezaei, N.; Rezaei, N.; Rezaeian, M.; Rezapour, A.; Rezazadeh-Khadem, S.; Riad, A.; Rios Lopez, L.E.; Rodriguez, J.A.B.; Ronfani, L.; Roshandel, G.; Rwegerera, G.M.; Saber-Ayad, M.M.; Sabour, S.; Saddik, B.; Sadeghi, E.; Sadeghian, S.; Saeed, U.; Sahebkar, A.; Saif-Ur-Rahman, K.; Sajadi, S.M.; Salahi, S.; Salehi, S.; Salem, M.R.; Salimzadeh, H.; Samy, A.M.; Sanabria, J.; Sanmarchi, F.; Sarveazad, A.; Sathian, B.; Sawhney, M.; Sawyer, S.M.; Saylan, M.; Schneider, I.J.C.; Seidu, A.; Šekerija, M.; Sendo, E.G.; Sepanlou, S.G.; Seylani, A.; Seyoum, K.; Sha, F.; Shafaat, O.; Shaikh, M.A.; Shamsoddin, E.; Shannawaz, M.; Sharma, R.; Sheikhbahaei, S.; Shetty, A.; Shetty, B.S.K.; Shetty, P.H.; Shin, J.I.; Shirkoohi, R.; Shivakumar, K.M.; Shobeiri, P.; Siabani, S.; Sibhat, M.M.; Siddappa Malleshappa, S.K.; Sidemo, N.B.; Silva, D.A.S.; Silva Julian, G.; Singh, A.D.; Singh, J.A.; Singh, J.K.; Singh, S.; Sinke, A.H.; Sintayehu, Y.; Skryabin, V.Y.; Skryabina, A.A.; Smith, L.; Sofi-Mahmudi, A.; Soltani-Zangbar, M.S.; Song, S.; Spurlock, E.E.; Steiropoulos, P.; Straif, K.; Subedi, R.; Sufiyan, M.B.; Suliankatchi Abdulkader, R.; Sultana, S.; Szerencsés, V.; Szócska, M.; Tabaeian, S.P.; Tabarés-Seisdedos, R.; Tabary, M.; Tabuchi, T.; Tadbiri, H.; Taheri, M.; Taherkhani, A.; Takahashi, K.; Tampa, M.; Tan, K.; Tat, V.Y.; Tavakoli, A.; Tbakhi, A.; Tehrani-Banihashemi, A.; Temsah, M.; Tesfay, F.H.; Tesfaye, B.; Thakur, J.S.; Thapar, R.; Thavamani, A.; Thiyagarajan, A.; Thomas, N.; Tobe-Gai, R.; Togtmol, M.; Tohidast, S.A.; Tohidinik, H.R.; Tolani, M.A.; Tollosa, D.N.; Touvier, M.; Tovani-Palone, M.R.; Traini, E.; Tran, B.X.; Tran, M.T.N.; Tripathy, J.P.; Tusa, B.S.; Ukke, G.G.; Ullah, I.; Ullah, S.; Umapathi, K.K.; Unnikrishnan, B.; Upadhyay, E.; Ushula, T.W.; Vacante, M.; Valadan Tahbaz, S.; Varthya, S.B.; Veroux, M.; Villeneuve, P.J.; Violante, F.S.; Vlassov, V.; Giang Thu, V.; Waheed, Y.; Wang, N.; Ward, P.; Weldesenbet, A.B.; Wen, Y.F.; Westerman, R.; Winkler, A.S.; Wubishet, B.L.; Suowen, X.; Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S.H.; Yang, L.; Yaya, S.; Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V.; Yazie, T.S.; Yehualashet, S.S.; Yeshaneh, A.; Yeshaw, Y.; Yirdaw, B.W.; Yonemoto, N.; Younis, M.Z.; Yousefi, Z.; Chuanhua, Y.; Yunusa, I.; Zadnik, V.; Zahir, M.; Zahirian Moghadam, T.; Zamani, M.; Zamanian, M.; Zandian, H.; Zare, F.; Zastrozhin, M.S.; Zastrozhina, A.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, Z.; Ziapour, A.; Zoladl, M.; Murray, C.J.L.; Fitzmaurice, C.; Bleyer, A.; Bhakta, N.

doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(21)00581-7

Background: In estimating the global burden of cancer, adolescents and young adults with cancer are often overlooked, despite being a distinct subgroup with unique epidemiology, clinical care needs, and societal impact. Comprehensive estimates of the global cancer burden in adolescents and young adults (aged 15-39 years) are lacking. To address this gap, we analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, with a focus on the outcome of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), to inform global cancer control measures in adolescents and young adults. Methods: Using the GBD 2019 methodology, international mortality data were collected from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, and population-based cancer registry inputs modelled with mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs). Incidence was computed with mortality estimates and corresponding MIRs. Prevalence estimates were calculated using modelled survival and multiplied by disability weights to obtain years lived with disability (YLDs). Years of life lost (YLLs) were calculated as age-specific cancer deaths multiplied by the standard life expectancy at the age of death. The main outcome was DALYs (the sum of YLLs and YLDs). Estimates were presented globally and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintiles (countries ranked and divided into five equal SDI groups), and all estimates were presented with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). For this analysis, we used the age range of 15-39 years to define adolescents and young adults. Findings: There were 1·19 million (95% UI 1·11-1·28) incident cancer cases and 396 000 (370 000-425 000) deaths due to cancer among people aged 15-39 years worldwide in 2019. The highest age-standardised incidence rates occurred in high SDI (59·6 [54·5-65·7] per 100 000 person-years) and high-middle SDI countries (53·2 [48·8-57·9] per 100 000 person-years), while the highest age-standardised mortality rates were in low-middle SDI (14·2 [12·9-15·6] per 100 000 person-years) and middle SDI (13·6 [12·6-14·8] per 100 000 person-years) countries. In 2019, adolescent and young adult cancers contributed 23·5 million (21·9-25·2) DALYs to the global burden of disease, of which 2·7% (1·9-3·6) came from YLDs and 97·3% (96·4-98·1) from YLLs. Cancer was the fourth leading cause of death and tenth leading cause of DALYs in adolescents and young adults globally. Interpretation: Adolescent and young adult cancers contributed substantially to the overall adolescent and young adult disease burden globally in 2019. These results provide new insights into the distribution and magnitude of the adolescent and young adult cancer burden around the world. With notable differences observed across SDI settings, these estimates can inform global and country-level cancer control efforts. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities, St Baldrick's Foundation, and the National Cancer Institute.

The global burden of adolescent and young adult cancer in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 / A. Elysia M, F. Lisa M, X. Rixing, C. Kelly, L. Dan, H. Hannah Jacqueline, K. Jonathan M, H. James D, P. Alyssa, D. Frances E, F. Weijia, V. Martina T, K. Theresa H M, A. Hany, B. Ronald D, E. Yana Arturovna, G. D Sanjeeva, J. Yetunde O, K. Tyler G, K. Tezer, M. Marcio Henrique, M. Prashant, R. Venkatraman, R. Lynn Ann Gloeckler, R. Carlos, S. Garik Barisovich, S. Iyad, A. Behzad, A. Mohsen, A. Zeinab, A. Hedayat, A. Michael, A. Sherief, A. Amir, A. Haimanot, A. Aidin, A. Hassan, A. Hassan, A.A. Hiwa, A. Eman, A. Basavaprabhu, A. Juan Manuel, A. Isaac Akinkunmi, A. Oyelola A, A. Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah, A. Shailesh M, A. Muhammad Sohail, A.M. Mohamad, A. Bahman, A. Bright Opoku, A. Sajjad, A. Sepideh, A. Muktar Beshir, A.R. Tarik, A.S. Yusra, A. Wajeeha, A. Gizachew Taddesse, A.H. Hanadi, A. Fares, A. Abdulhadi A, A. Fahad Mashhour, A. Turki M, A. Adugnaw Zeleke, A. Dejene Tsegaye, A. Yosef, A. Fadwa Naji, A. Robert Kaba, A. Saqib, A. Gianfranco, A. Vahid, A. Syed Mohamed, A. Motasem, A. Sunitha, A. Nihad A, A. Sadeq Ali, A. Sami, A. Rajaa M, A. Nelson, A. Edward Kwabena, A. Saeed, A. Hubert, A. Robert, A. Catalina Liliana, A. Tudorel, A. Fereshteh, A. Alireza, A. Davood, A. Anayochukwu Edward, A. Jalal, A. Morteza, A. Ayele Mamo, A. Muhammad, A. Judie, A. Armin, A. Zatollah, A.J. Mohammad, A. Mohammad Reza, A. Prince, A. Alok, A. Sameh, A. Avinash, A. Marcel, A. Leticia, A. Atalel Fentahun, A.Q. Beatriz Paulina, A. Alemu Degu, A. Solomon Shitu, A. Mohammed A, A. Sina, A. Hiva, A. Mohammadreza, A.J. Amirhossein, A. Ghasem, A. Ahmed Y, B. Saeed, B. Jianjun, B. Atif Amin, B. Jennifer L, B. Maciej, B. Till Winfried, B. Francesco, B. Fabio, B. Amadou, B. Huda, B. Abdul-Monim Mohammad, B. Masoud, B. Niguss Cherie, B. Rebuma, B. Uzma Iqbal, B. Arielle Wilder, B. Alemshet Yirga, B. Devidas S, B. Akshaya Srikanth, B. Nikha, B. Pankaj, B. Sonu, B. Krittika, B. Vijayalakshmi S, B. Sadia, B. Ali, B. Antonio, B. Setognal, B. Tone, B. Obasanjo Afolabi, B. Srinivasa Rao, B. Archith, B. Dejana, B. Hermann, B. Norma B, B. Katrin, B. Maria Teresa, B. Nadeem Shafique, B. Zahid A, C.D.S. Florentino Luciano, C. Chao, C. Yin, C. Giulia, C. Ferrán, C. Francieli, C. Ester, C. Raja Chandra, C. Promit Ananyo, C. Vijay Kumar, C. Pankaj, C. Akhilanand, C. Prachi P, C. Odgerel, C. Jee-Young Jasmine, C. Devasahayam J, C. Dinh-Toi, C. Michael T, C. Joao, C. Vera Marisa, D. Omar B, D. Omid, D. Saad M A, D. Xiaochen, D. Giovanni, D. Emanuele, D. Lalit, D. Rakhi, D. Parnaz, D. Amira Hamed, D. Ahmad, D.L.H. Fernando Pio, D. Sisay Abebe, D. Takele Gezahegn G, D. Getu Debalkie, D. Zeleke Geto, D. Edgar, D.M. Meseret, D. Rupak, D. Abebaw Alemayehu, D. Deepak, D. Samath Dhamminda, D. Mandira Lamichhane, D. Meghnath, D. Mostafa, D. Mojtaba, D. Mengistie, D. Shirin, D. Huyen Phuc, D. Saeid, D. Fariba, D.S. Wendel Mombaque, D. Thomas M, E. Michael, E.S. Iman, E.S.Z. Maysaa, E.T. Maha, E. Hassan, E. Mostafa Ahmed, E. Iffat, E. Hala Rashad, E. Muhammed, E. Shaimaa I, E. Daniel Berhanie, E. Ryenchindorj, E. Babak, E. Sharareh, F. Mohammed, F. Jawad, F. Umar, F. Abidemi Omolara, F. Wafa, F.D.O. José Miguel P, F. Simone, F.D. Lorenzo, F. Getahun, F. Irina, F. Florian, F. James L, F. Masoud, F. Takeshi, G. Peter Andras, G. Mohamed M, G. Piyada, G. Silvano, G. Tushar, G. Teferi Gebru, G. Belete Negese Belete, G. Tamiru, G. Mansour, G. Seyyed-Hadi, G. Ahmad, G. Fariba, G. Nermin, G. Ali, G.N. Jamshid, G. Syed Amir, G. Themba G, G. Abraham Tamirat, G. James C, G. Amit, G. Mahaveer, G. Pouya, G. Davide, G. Sameer Vali, G. Giuseppe, G. Houman, G. Bárbara Niegia Garcia, G. Ayman, G. Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen, G. Maximiliano Ribeiro, G. Avirup, G. Bhawna, G. Sapna, G. Veer Bala, G. Vivek Kumar, H. Rasool, H. Nima, H. Alemayehu, H. Arvin, H. Rabih, H. Randah R, H. Mitiku Teshome, H. Sajid, H. Samer, H. Shafiul, H. Sanam, H. Josep Maria, H. Ahmed I, H. S M Mahmudul, H. Seyedeh Melika, H. Treska S, H. Soheil, H. Simon I, H. Khezar, H. Sultan H, H. Golnaz, H. Mohammad, H. Brenda Yuliana, H. Claudiu, H. Demisu Zenbaba, H. Kamal, H. Michael K, H. Ramesh, H. Nobuyuki, H. Md Mahbub, H. Mohammad Bellal, H. Mohammad-Salar, H. Mostafa, H. Ali, H. Mehdi, H. Mihaela, H. Sorin, H. Mowafa, H. Mohamed, H. Junjie, H. Nawfal R, H. Bing-Fang, I. Segun Emmanuel, I. Olayinka Stephen, I. Irena M, I. Milena D, I. Kaire, I. Lalu Muhammad, I. Rakibul M, I. Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, I. Nahlah Elkudssiah, I. Gaetano, I. Masao, J. Louis, J. Farhad, J. Vardhmaan, J. Mihajlo, J. Roksana, J.M. Amirreza, J. Shubha, J. Ranil, J. Seyed Behzad, J. Rime, J. Ravi Prakash, J. Tamas, J. Nitin, J. Farahnaz, J. Mikk, K. Billingsley, K. Ali, K. Leila R, K. Feroze, K. Zul, K. Ashwin, K. Himal, K. Sitanshu Sekhar, K. Ibraheem M, K. Amirali, K. Bekalu Getnet, K. Joonas H, K.B. Phillip M, K. Andre Pascal, K. Amene Abebe, K. Mohammad, K. Yousef Saleh, K. Himanshu, K. Nastaran, K. Neda, K. Ejaz Ahmad, K. Gulfaraz, K. Maseer, K. Md Nuruzzaman, K. Moien Ab, K. Javad, K. Maryam, K. Omid, K. Jagdish, K. Roba, K. Min Seo, K. Yun Jin, K. Adnan, K. Sezer, K. Katarzyna, K. Ali-Asghar, K. Jacek A, K. Rajasekaran, K.L. Sindhura Lakshmi, K. Ai, K. Nuworza, K. G Anil, K. Nithin, K. Alexander, C. La Vecchia, L. Qing, L. Iván, L. Savita, L. Paolo, L. Caterina, L. Sang-woong, L. Wei-Chen, L. Yeong Yeh, L. Yo Han, L. James, L. Elvynna, L. Bingyu, L. Jiarui, L. Ming-Chieh, L. Stephen S, L. Xuefeng, L. Stany W, L. Joana A, L. Alessandra, L. Raimundas, M.A.E.R. Hassan, M.A.E.R. Muhammed, M. Morteza, M. Azeem, M. Alaa, M. Shilpa, M. Mohammad-Reza, M. Reza, M. Ahmad Azam, M. Mohammed A, M. Navid, M. Fariborz, M. Borhan, M. Mohammad Ali, M. Santi, M. Seyedeh Zahra, M. Clara N, M. Manu Raj, M. Colm, M. Ravi, M. Walter, M. Ritesh G, M. Alexios-Fotios A, M. Tuomo J, M. Amanual Getnet, M. Mohamed Kamal, M. Tomislav, M.J. Junmei, M. Bartosz, M. Irmina Maria, M. Ted R, M. Alemu Basazin, M. Seyyedmohammadsadeq, M. Hamed, M. Sanjeev, M. Prasanna, M. Karzan Abdulmuhsin, M. Mokhtar, M. Seyyede Momeneh, M. Abdollah, M. Reza, M. Arif, M. Shafiu, M. Teroj Abdulrahman, M. Nagabhishek, M. Ali H, M. Mariam, M. Sara, M. Lorenzo, M. Mohammad Ali, M. Ghobad, M. Yousef, M. Maliheh, M. Rahmatollah, M. Paula, M. Shane Douglas, M. Ebrahim, M.K. Amin, M. Christine, M. Sumaira, M. Lillian, N. Ashraf F, N. Shankar Prasad, N. Chie, N. Mohsen, N. Mukhammad David, N. Luigi, N. Vinay, N. Atta Abbas, N.S. Sreenivas, N. Aparna Ichalangod, N. Biswa Prakash, N. Vinod C, N. Javad, N. Sabina Onyinye, N. Ionut, N. Serban Mircea, N. Seyed Aria, N. Samata, N.K. Sandhya, N. Haruna Asura, N. Cuong Tat, N. Chukwudi A, N. Hamed, N. Hasti, N. Ali, N. Virginia, N. Vincent Ebuka, N. Chimezie Igwegbe, O. Bogdan, O. Oluwakemi Ololade, O. Ayodipupo Sikiru, O. In-Hwan, O. Andrew T, O. Tinuke O, O. Babayemi Oluwaseun, O. Mojisola Morenike, O. Emad, O.B. Ahmed, O. Sokking, O. Obinna E, O. Doris V, O. Nikita, O. Stanislav S, O. Bilcha, O. Mayowa O, P.A. Mahesh, P. Alicia, P. Jagadish Rao, P. Keyvan, P. Adrian, P. Anamika, P. Shahina, P.K. Fatemeh, P. Maja, P. Jenil R, P. Siddhartha, P. Sanjay M, P. Uttam, P. Renato B, P. Mario F P, P. Arokiasamy, P. Maarten J, P. Hadi, P. Akram, P. Akila, P. Thejodhar, Q. Mirza Muhammad Fahd Fahd, R. Mohammad, R. Navid, R. Amir, R. Raghu Anekal, R. Ata, R. Alireza, R. Sima, R. Fakher, R. Shadi, R. Mosiur, R. Muhammad Aziz, R. Amir Masoud, R. Aashish, R. Vajiheh, R. Kamal, R. Priyanga, R. Chythra R, R. Sowmya J, R. Sina, R. Mahsa, R. Mohammad-Mahdi, R. Goura Kishor, R. David Laith, R. Salman, R. Lal, R. Reza, R. Mohammad Sadegh, R. Misganu Teshoma, R. Andre M N, R. Maryam, R. Negar, R. Nima, R. Mohsen, R. Aziz, R. Sahba, R. Abanoub, R.L. Ligia Estefania, R. Jefferson Antonio Buendia, R. Luca, R. Gholamreza, R. Godfrey M, S. Maha Mohamed, S. Siamak, S. Basema, S. Erfan, S. Saeid, S. Umar, S. Amirhossein, S. Km, S. S Mohammad, S. Sarvenaz, S. Sana, S. Marwa Rashad, S. Hamideh, S. Abdallah M, S. Juan, S. Francesco, S. Arash, S. Brijesh, S. Monika, S. Susan M, S. Mete, S. Ione Jayce Ceola, S. Abdul-Aziz, Š. Mario, S. Endalew Gemechu, S. Sadaf G, S. Allen, S. Kenbon, S. Feng, S. Omid, S. Masood Ali, S. Erfan, S. Mohammed, S. Rajesh, S. Sara, S. Adithi, S. B Suresh Kumar, S. Pavanchand H, S. Jae Il, S. Reza, S. K M, S. Parnian, S. Soraya, S. Migbar Mekonnen, S.M. Sudeep K, S. Negussie Boti, S. Diego Augusto Santos, S.J. Guilherme, S. Achintya Dinesh, S. Jasvinder A, S. Jitendra Kumar, S. Surjit, S. Abiy H, S. Yitagesu, S. Valentin Yurievich, S. Anna Aleksandrovna, S. Lee, S. Ahmad, S. Mohammad Sadegh, S. Suhang, S. Emma Elizabeth, S. Paschalis, S. Kurt, S. Ranjeeta, S. Mu'Awiyyah Babale, S.A. Rizwan, S. Saima, S. Viktória, S. Miklós, T. Seidamir Pasha, T. Rafael, T. Mohammadreza, T. Takahiro, T. Hooman, T. Majid, T. Amir, T. Ken, T. Mircea, T. Ker-Kan, T. Vivian Y, T. Ahmad, T. Abdelghani, T. Arash, T. Mohamad-Hani, T. Fisaha Haile, T. Bekele, T. Jarnail Singh, T. Rekha, T. Aravind, T. Arulmani, T. Nihal, T. Ruoyan, T. Munkhsaikhan, T. Seyed Abolfazl, T. Hamid Reza, T. Musliu Adetola, T. Daniel Nigusse, T. Mathilde, T. Marcos Roberto, T. Eugenio, T. Bach Xuan, T. Mai Thi Ngoc, T. Jaya Prasad, T. Biruk Shalmeno, U. Gebresilasea Gendisha, U. Irfan, U. Saif, U. Krishna Kishore, U. Bhaskaran, U. Era, U. Tolassa Wakayo, V. Marco, V.T. Sahel, V. Shoban Babu, V. Massimiliano, V. Paul J, V. Francesco S, V. Vasily, V. Giang Thu, W. Yasir, W. Ning, W. Paul, W. Adisu Birhanu, W. Yi Feng, W. Ronny, W. Andrea Sylvia, W. Befikadu Legesse, X. Suowen, Y.J. Seyed Hossein, Y. Lin, Y. Sanni, Y. Vahid, Y. Taklo Simeneh, Y. Sisay Shewasinad, Y. Alex, Y. Yigizie, Y. Birhanu Wubale, Y. Naohiro, Y. Mustafa Z, Y. Zabihollah, Y. Chuanhua, Y. Ismaeel, Z. Vesna, Z. Mazyar, Z.M. Telma, Z. Mohammad, Z. Maryam, Z. Hamed, Z. Fariba, Z. Mikhail Sergeevich, Z. Anasthasia, Z. Jianrong, Z. Zhi-Jiang, Z. Arash, Z. Mohammad, M. Christopher J L, F. Christina, B. Archie, B. Nickhill. - In: THE LANCET ONCOLOGY. - ISSN 1470-2045. - 23:1(2022), pp. 27-52. [10.1016/S1470-2045(21)00581-7]

The global burden of adolescent and young adult cancer in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Alvarez, Elysia M;Force, Lisa M;Xu, Rixing;Compton, Kelly;Lu, Dan;Henrikson, Hannah Jacqueline;Kocarnik, Jonathan M;Harvey, James D;Pennini, Alyssa;Dean, Frances E;Fu, Weijia;Vargas, Martina T;Keegan, Theresa H M;Ariffin, Hany;Barr, Ronald D;Erdomaeva, Yana Arturovna;Gunasekera, D Sanjeeva;John-Akinola, Yetunde O;Ketterl, Tyler G;Kutluk, Tezer;Malogolowkin, Marcio Henrique;Mathur, Prashant;Radhakrishnan, Venkatraman;Ries, Lynn Ann Gloeckler;Rodriguez-Galindo, Carlos;Sagoyan, Garik Barisovich;Sultan, Iyad;Abbasi, Behzad;Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen;Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab;Abbastabar, Hedayat;Abdelmasseh, Michael;Abd-Elsalam, Sherief;Abdoli, Amir;Abebe, Haimanot;Abedi, Aidin;Abidi, Hassan;Abolhassani, Hassan;Abubaker Ali, Hiwa;Abu-Gharbieh, Eman;Achappa, Basavaprabhu;Acuna, Juan Manuel;Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi;Adegboye, Oyelola A;Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah;Advani, Shailesh M;Afzal, Muhammad Sohail;Aghaie Meybodi, Mohamad;Ahadinezhad, Bahman;Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku;Ahmad, Sajjad;Ahmadi, Sepideh;Ahmed, Muktar Beshir;Ahmed Rashid, Tarik;Ahmed Salih, Yusra;Aiman, Wajeeha;Akalu, Gizachew Taddesse;Al Hamad, Hanadi;Alahdab, Fares;AlAmodi, Abdulhadi A;Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour;Alanzi, Turki M;Alem, Adugnaw Zeleke;Alem, Dejene Tsegaye;Alemayehu, Yosef;Alhalaiqa, Fadwa Naji;Alhassan, Robert Kaba;Ali, Saqib;A. Gianfranco;Alipour, Vahid;Aljunid, Syed Mohamed;Alkhayyat, Motasem;Alluri, Sunitha;Almasri, Nihad A;Al-Maweri, Sadeq Ali;Almustanyir, Sami;Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M;Alvis-Guzman, Nelson;Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena;Amini, Saeed;Amu, Hubert;Ancuceanu, Robert;Andrei, Catalina Liliana;Andrei, Tudorel;Ansari, Fereshteh;Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza;Anvari, Davood;Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward;Arabloo, Jalal;Arab-Zozani, Morteza;Argaw, Ayele Mamo;Arshad, Muhammad;Arulappan, Judie;Aryannejad, Armin;Asemi, Zatollah;Asghari Jafarabadi, Mohammad;Atashzar, Mohammad Reza;Atorkey, Prince;Atreya, Alok;Attia, Sameh;Aujayeb, Avinash;Ausloos, Marcel;Avila-Burgos, Leticia;Awedew, Atalel Fentahun;Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina;Ayele, Alemu Degu;Ayen, Solomon Shitu;Azab, Mohammed A;Azadnajafabad, Sina;Azami, Hiva;Azangou-Khyavy, Mohammadreza;Azari Jafari, Amirhossein;Azarian, Ghasem;Azzam, Ahmed Y;Bahadory, Saeed;Bai, Jianjun;Baig, Atif Amin;Baker, Jennifer L;Banach, Maciej;Bärnighausen, Till Winfried;Barone-Adesi, Francesco;Barra, Fabio;Barrow, Amadou;Basaleem, Huda;Batiha, Abdul-Monim Mohammad;Behzadifar, Masoud;Bekele, Niguss Cherie;Belete, Rebuma;Belgaumi, Uzma Iqbal;Bell, Arielle Wilder;Berhie, Alemshet Yirga;Bhagat, Devidas S;Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth;Bhardwaj, Nikha;Bhardwaj, Pankaj;Bhaskar, Sonu;Bhattacharyya, Krittika;Bhojaraja, Vijayalakshmi S;Bibi, Sadia;Bijani, Ali;Biondi, Antonio;Birara, Setognal;Bjørge, Tone;Bolarinwa, Obasanjo Afolabi;Bolla, Srinivasa Rao;Boloor, Archith;Braithwaite, Dejana;Brenner, Hermann;Bulamu, Norma B;Burkart, Katrin;Bustamante-Teixeira, Maria Teresa;Butt, Nadeem Shafique;Butt, Zahid A;Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano;Cao, Chao;Cao, Yin;Carreras, Giulia;Catalá-López, Ferrán;Cembranel, Francieli;Cerin, Ester;Chakinala, Raja Chandra;Chakraborty, Promit Ananyo;Chattu, Vijay Kumar;Chaturvedi, Pankaj;Chaurasia, Akhilanand;Chavan, Prachi P;Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel;Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine;Christopher, Devasahayam J;Chu, Dinh-Toi;Chung, Michael T;Conde, Joao;Costa, Vera Marisa;Da'ar, Omar B;Dadras, Omid;Dahlawi, Saad M A;Dai, Xiaochen;Damiani, Giovanni;D'Amico, Emanuele;Dandona, Lalit;Dandona, Rakhi;Daneshpajouhnejad, Parnaz;Darwish, Amira Hamed;Daryani, Ahmad;De la Hoz, Fernando Pio;Debela, Sisay Abebe;Demie, Takele Gezahegn G;Demissie, Getu Debalkie;Demissie, Zeleke Geto;Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar;Derbew Molla, Meseret;Desai, Rupak;Desta, Abebaw Alemayehu;Dhamnetiya, Deepak;Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda;Dhimal, Mandira Lamichhane;Dhimal, Meghnath;Dianatinasab, Mostafa;Didehdar, Mojtaba;Diress, Mengistie;Djalalinia, Shirin;Do, Huyen Phuc;Doaei, Saeid;Dorostkar, Fariba;dos Santos, Wendel Mombaque;Drake, Thomas M;Ekholuenetale, Michael;El Sayed, Iman;El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa;El Tantawi, Maha;El-Abid, Hassan;Elbahnasawy, Mostafa Ahmed;Elbarazi, Iffat;Elhabashy, Hala Rashad;Elhadi, Muhammed;El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I;Enyew, Daniel Berhanie;Erkhembayar, Ryenchindorj;Eshrati, Babak;Eskandarieh, Sharareh;Faisaluddin, Mohammed;Fares, Jawad;Farooque, Umar;Fasanmi, Abidemi Omolara;Fatima, Wafa;Ferreira de Oliveira, José Miguel P;Ferrero, Simone;Ferro Desideri, Lorenzo;Fetensa, Getahun;Filip, Irina;Fischer, Florian;Fisher, James L;Foroutan, Masoud;Fukumoto, Takeshi;Gaal, Peter Andras;Gad, Mohamed M;Gaewkhiew, Piyada;Gallus, Silvano;Garg, Tushar;Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru;Gemeda, Belete Negese Belete;Getachew, Tamiru;Ghafourifard, Mansour;Ghamari, Seyyed-Hadi;Ghashghaee, Ahmad;Ghassemi, Fariba;Ghith, Nermin;Gholami, Ali;Gholizadeh Navashenaq, Jamshid;Gilani, Syed Amir;Ginindza, Themba G;Gizaw, Abraham Tamirat;Glasbey, James C;Goel, Amit;Golechha, Mahaveer;Goleij, Pouya;Golinelli, Davide;Gopalani, Sameer Vali;Gorini, Giuseppe;Goudarzi, Houman;Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia;Grada, Ayman;Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen;Guerra, Maximiliano Ribeiro;Guha, Avirup;Gupta, Bhawna;Gupta, Sapna;Gupta, Veer Bala;Gupta, Vivek Kumar;Haddadi, Rasool;Hafezi-Nejad, Nima;Hailu, Alemayehu;Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin;Halwani, Rabih;Hamadeh, Randah R;Hambisa, Mitiku Teshome;Hameed, Sajid;Hamidi, Samer;Haque, Shafiul;Hariri, Sanam;Haro, Josep Maria;Hasaballah, Ahmed I;Hasan, S M Mahmudul;Hashemi, Seyedeh Melika;Hassan, Treska S;Hassanipour, Soheil;Hay, Simon I;Hayat, Khezar;Hebo, Sultan H;Heidari, Golnaz;Heidari, Mohammad;Herrera-Serna, Brenda Yuliana;Herteliu, Claudiu;Heyi, Demisu Zenbaba;Hezam, Kamal;Hole, Michael K;Holla, Ramesh;Horita, Nobuyuki;Hossain, Md Mahbub;Hossain, Mohammad Bellal;Hosseini, Mohammad-Salar;Hosseini, Mostafa;Hosseinzadeh, Ali;Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi;Hostiuc, Mihaela;Hostiuc, Sorin;Househ, Mowafa;Hsairi, Mohamed;Huang, Junjie;Hussein, Nawfal R;Hwang, Bing-Fang;Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel;Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen;Ilic, Irena M;Ilic, Milena D;Innos, Kaire;Irham, Lalu Muhammad;Islam, Rakibul M;Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful;Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah;Isola, Gaetano;Iwagami, Masao;Jacob, Louis;Jadidi-Niaragh, Farhad;Jain, Vardhmaan;Jakovljevic, Mihajlo;Janghorban, Roksana;Javadi Mamaghani, Amirreza;Jayaram, Shubha;Jayawardena, Ranil;Jazayeri, Seyed Behzad;Jebai, Rime;Jha, Ravi Prakash;Joo, Tamas;Joseph, Nitin;Joukar, Farahnaz;Jürisson, Mikk;Kaambwa, Billingsley;Kabir, Ali;Kalankesh, Leila R;Kaliyadan, Feroze;Kamal, Zul;Kamath, Ashwin;Kandel, Himal;Kar, Sitanshu Sekhar;Karaye, Ibraheem M;Karimi, Amirali;Kassa, Bekalu Getnet;Kauppila, Joonas H;Kemp Bohan, Phillip M;Kengne, Andre Pascal;Kerbo, Amene Abebe;Keykhaei, Mohammad;Khader, Yousef Saleh;Khajuria, Himanshu;Khalili, Nastaran;Khalili, Neda;Khan, Ejaz Ahmad;Khan, Gulfaraz;Khan, Maseer;Khan, Md Nuruzzaman;Khan, Moien AB;Khanali, Javad;Khayamzadeh, Maryam;Khosravizadeh, Omid;Khubchandani, Jagdish;Khundkar, Roba;Kim, Min Seo;Kim, Yun Jin;Kisa, Adnan;Kisa, Sezer;Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna;Kolahi, Ali-Asghar;Kopec, Jacek A;Koteeswaran, Rajasekaran;Koyanagi, Ai;Kugbey, Nuworza;Kumar, G Anil;Kumar, Nithin;Kwarteng, Alexander;C. La Vecchia;Lan, Qing;Landires, Iván;Lasrado, Savita;Lauriola, Paolo;Ledda, Caterina;Lee, Sang-woong;Lee, Wei-Chen;Lee, Yeong Yeh;Lee, Yo Han;Leigh, James;Leong, Elvynna;Li, Bingyu;Li, Jiarui;Li, Ming-Chieh;Lim, Stephen S;Liu, Xuefeng;Lobo, Stany W;Loureiro, Joana A;Lugo, Alessandra;Lunevicius, Raimundas;Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan;Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed;Mahmoudi, Morteza;Majeed, Azeem;Makki, Alaa;Male, Shilpa;Malekpour, Mohammad-Reza;Malekzadeh, Reza;Malik, Ahmad Azam;Mamun, Mohammed A;Manafi, Navid;Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz;Mansouri, Borhan;Mansournia, Mohammad Ali;Martini, Santi;Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra;Matei, Clara N;Mathur, Manu Raj;McAlinden, Colm;Mehrotra, Ravi;Mendoza, Walter;Menezes, Ritesh G;Mentis, Alexios-Fotios A;Meretoja, Tuomo J;Mersha, Amanual Getnet;Mesregah, Mohamed Kamal;Mestrovic, Tomislav;Miao Jonasson, Junmei;Miazgowski, Bartosz;Michalek, Irmina Maria;Miller, Ted R;Mingude, Alemu Basazin;Mirmoeeni, Seyyedmohammadsadeq;Mirzaei, Hamed;Misra, Sanjeev;Mithra, Prasanna;Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin;Mohammadi, Mokhtar;Mohammadi, Seyyede Momeneh;Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah;Mohammadpourhodki, Reza;Mohammed, Arif;Mohammed, Shafiu;Mohammed, Teroj Abdulrahman;Moka, Nagabhishek;Mokdad, Ali H;Molokhia, Mariam;Momtazmanesh, Sara;Monasta, Lorenzo;Moni, Mohammad Ali;Moradi, Ghobad;Moradi, Yousef;Moradzadeh, Maliheh;Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah;Moraga, Paula;Morrison, Shane Douglas;Mostafavi, Ebrahim;Mousavi Khaneghah, Amin;Mpundu-Kaambwa, Christine;Mubarik, Sumaira;Mwanri, Lillian;Nabhan, Ashraf F;Nagaraju, Shankar Prasad;Nagata, Chie;Naghavi, Mohsen;Naimzada, Mukhammad David;Naldi, Luigi;Nangia, Vinay;Naqvi, Atta Abbas;Narasimha Swamy, Sreenivas;Narayana, Aparna Ichalangod;Nayak, Biswa Prakash;Nayak, Vinod C;Nazari, Javad;Nduaguba, Sabina Onyinye;Negoi, Ionut;Negru, Serban Mircea;Nejadghaderi, Seyed Aria;Nepal, Samata;Neupane Kandel, Sandhya;Nggada, Haruna Asura;Nguyen, Cuong Tat;Nnaji, Chukwudi A;Nosrati, Hamed;Nouraei, Hasti;Nowroozi, Ali;Nuñez-Samudio, Virginia;Nwatah, Vincent Ebuka;Nzoputam, Chimezie Igwegbe;Oancea, Bogdan;Odukoya, Oluwakemi Ololade;Oguntade, Ayodipupo Sikiru;Oh, In-Hwan;Olagunju, Andrew T;Olagunju, Tinuke O;Olakunde, Babayemi Oluwaseun;Oluwasanu, Mojisola Morenike;Omar, Emad;Omar Bali, Ahmed;Ong, Sokking;Onwujekwe, Obinna E;Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V;Otstavnov, Nikita;Otstavnov, Stanislav S;Oumer, Bilcha;Owolabi, Mayowa O;P A, Mahesh;Padron-Monedero, Alicia;Padubidri, Jagadish Rao;Pakshir, Keyvan;Pana, Adrian;Pandey, Anamika;Pardhan, Shahina;Pashazadeh Kan, Fatemeh;Pasovic, Maja;Patel, Jenil R;Pati, Siddhartha;Pattanshetty, Sanjay M;Paudel, Uttam;Pereira, Renato B;Peres, Mario F P;Perianayagam, Arokiasamy;Postma, Maarten J;Pourjafar, Hadi;Pourshams, Akram;Prashant, Akila;Pulakunta, Thejodhar;Qadir, Mirza Muhammad Fahd Fahd;Rabiee, Mohammad;Rabiee, Navid;Radfar, Amir;Radhakrishnan, Raghu Anekal;Rafiee, Ata;Rafiei, Alireza;Rafiei, Sima;Rahim, Fakher;Rahimzadeh, Shadi;Rahman, Mosiur;Rahman, Muhammad Aziz;Rahmani, Amir Masoud;Rajesh, Aashish;Ramezani-Doroh, Vajiheh;Ranabhat, Kamal;Ranasinghe, Priyanga;Rao, Chythra R;Rao, Sowmya J;Rashedi, Sina;Rashidi, Mahsa;Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi;Rath, Goura Kishor;Rawaf, David Laith;Rawaf, Salman;Rawal, Lal;Rawassizadeh, Reza;Razeghinia, Mohammad Sadegh;Regasa, Misganu Teshoma;Renzaho, Andre M N;Rezaei, Maryam;Rezaei, Negar;Rezaei, Nima;Rezaeian, Mohsen;Rezapour, Aziz;Rezazadeh-Khadem, Sahba;Riad, Abanoub;Rios Lopez, Ligia Estefania;Rodriguez, Jefferson Antonio Buendia;Ronfani, Luca;Roshandel, Gholamreza;Rwegerera, Godfrey M;Saber-Ayad, Maha Mohamed;Sabour, Siamak;Saddik, Basema;Sadeghi, Erfan;Sadeghian, Saeid;Saeed, Umar;Sahebkar, Amirhossein;Saif-Ur-Rahman, KM;Sajadi, S Mohammad;Salahi, Sarvenaz;Salehi, Sana;Salem, Marwa Rashad;Salimzadeh, Hamideh;Samy, Abdallah M;Sanabria, Juan;Sanmarchi, Francesco;Sarveazad, Arash;Sathian, Brijesh;Sawhney, Monika;Sawyer, Susan M;Saylan, Mete;Schneider, Ione Jayce Ceola;Seidu, Abdul-Aziz;Šekerija, Mario;Sendo, Endalew Gemechu;Sepanlou, Sadaf G;Seylani, Allen;Seyoum, Kenbon;Sha, Feng;Shafaat, Omid;Shaikh, Masood Ali;Shamsoddin, Erfan;Shannawaz, Mohammed;Sharma, Rajesh;Sheikhbahaei, Sara;Shetty, Adithi;Shetty, B Suresh Kumar;Shetty, Pavanchand H;Shin, Jae Il;Shirkoohi, Reza;Shivakumar, K M;Shobeiri, Parnian;Siabani, Soraya;Sibhat, Migbar Mekonnen;Siddappa Malleshappa, Sudeep K;Sidemo, Negussie Boti;Silva, Diego Augusto Santos;Silva Julian, Guilherme;Singh, Achintya Dinesh;Singh, Jasvinder A;Singh, Jitendra Kumar;Singh, Surjit;Sinke, Abiy H;Sintayehu, Yitagesu;Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich;Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna;Smith, Lee;Sofi-Mahmudi, Ahmad;Soltani-Zangbar, Mohammad Sadegh;Song, Suhang;Spurlock, Emma Elizabeth;Steiropoulos, Paschalis;Straif, Kurt;Subedi, Ranjeeta;Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale;Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Rizwan;Sultana, Saima;Szerencsés, Viktória;Szócska, Miklós;Tabaeian, Seidamir Pasha;Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael;Tabary, Mohammadreza;Tabuchi, Takahiro;Tadbiri, Hooman;Taheri, Majid;Taherkhani, Amir;Takahashi, Ken;Tampa, Mircea;Tan, Ker-Kan;Tat, Vivian Y;Tavakoli, Ahmad;Tbakhi, Abdelghani;Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash;Temsah, Mohamad-Hani;Tesfay, Fisaha Haile;Tesfaye, Bekele;Thakur, Jarnail Singh;Thapar, Rekha;Thavamani, Aravind;Thiyagarajan, Arulmani;Thomas, Nihal;Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan;Togtmol, Munkhsaikhan;Tohidast, Seyed Abolfazl;Tohidinik, Hamid Reza;Tolani, Musliu Adetola;Tollosa, Daniel Nigusse;Touvier, Mathilde;Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto;Traini, Eugenio;Tran, Bach Xuan;Tran, Mai Thi Ngoc;Tripathy, Jaya Prasad;Tusa, Biruk Shalmeno;Ukke, Gebresilasea Gendisha;Ullah, Irfan;Ullah, Saif;Umapathi, Krishna Kishore;Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran;Upadhyay, Era;Ushula, Tolassa Wakayo;Vacante, Marco;Valadan Tahbaz, Sahel;Varthya, Shoban Babu;Veroux, Massimiliano;Villeneuve, Paul J;Violante, Francesco S;Vlassov, Vasily;Vu, Giang Thu;Waheed, Yasir;Wang, Ning;Ward, Paul;Weldesenbet, Adisu Birhanu;Wen, Yi Feng;Westerman, Ronny;Winkler, Andrea Sylvia;Wubishet, Befikadu Legesse;Xu, Suowen;Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein;Yang, Lin;Yaya, Sanni;Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid;Yazie, Taklo Simeneh;Yehualashet, Sisay Shewasinad;Yeshaneh, Alex;Yeshaw, Yigizie;Yirdaw, Birhanu Wubale;Yonemoto, Naohiro;Younis, Mustafa Z;Yousefi, Zabihollah;Yu, Chuanhua;Yunusa, Ismaeel;Zadnik, Vesna;Zahir, Mazyar;Zahirian Moghadam, Telma;Zamani, Mohammad;Zamanian, Maryam;Zandian, Hamed;Zare, Fariba;Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich;Zastrozhina, Anasthasia;Zhang, Jianrong;Zhang, Zhi-Jiang;Ziapour, Arash;Zoladl, Mohammad;Murray, Christopher J L;Fitzmaurice, Christina;Bleyer, Archie;Bhakta, Nickhill

2022

Abstract

Background: In estimating the global burden of cancer, adolescents and young adults with cancer are often overlooked, despite being a distinct subgroup with unique epidemiology, clinical care needs, and societal impact. Comprehensive estimates of the global cancer burden in adolescents and young adults (aged 15-39 years) are lacking. To address this gap, we analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, with a focus on the outcome of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), to inform global cancer control measures in adolescents and young adults. Methods: Using the GBD 2019 methodology, international mortality data were collected from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, and population-based cancer registry inputs modelled with mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs). Incidence was computed with mortality estimates and corresponding MIRs. Prevalence estimates were calculated using modelled survival and multiplied by disability weights to obtain years lived with disability (YLDs). Years of life lost (YLLs) were calculated as age-specific cancer deaths multiplied by the standard life expectancy at the age of death. The main outcome was DALYs (the sum of YLLs and YLDs). Estimates were presented globally and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintiles (countries ranked and divided into five equal SDI groups), and all estimates were presented with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). For this analysis, we used the age range of 15-39 years to define adolescents and young adults. Findings: There were 1·19 million (95% UI 1·11-1·28) incident cancer cases and 396 000 (370 000-425 000) deaths due to cancer among people aged 15-39 years worldwide in 2019. The highest age-standardised incidence rates occurred in high SDI (59·6 [54·5-65·7] per 100 000 person-years) and high-middle SDI countries (53·2 [48·8-57·9] per 100 000 person-years), while the highest age-standardised mortality rates were in low-middle SDI (14·2 [12·9-15·6] per 100 000 person-years) and middle SDI (13·6 [12·6-14·8] per 100 000 person-years) countries. In 2019, adolescent and young adult cancers contributed 23·5 million (21·9-25·2) DALYs to the global burden of disease, of which 2·7% (1·9-3·6) came from YLDs and 97·3% (96·4-98·1) from YLLs. Cancer was the fourth leading cause of death and tenth leading cause of DALYs in adolescents and young adults globally. Interpretation: Adolescent and young adult cancers contributed substantially to the overall adolescent and young adult disease burden globally in 2019. These results provide new insights into the distribution and magnitude of the adolescent and young adult cancer burden around the world. With notable differences observed across SDI settings, these estimates can inform global and country-level cancer control efforts. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities, St Baldrick's Foundation, and the National Cancer Institute.

Scheda breve

Scheda completa

Scheda completa (DC)

	Parole chiave
	
				adolescent cancer; young adult cancer; cancer; young, adolescents; systematic analysis;
			
	Settori scientifico-disciplinari dell'articolo (sola visualizzazione)
	
				Settore MED/01 - Statistica Medica
			
	Settori scientifico-disciplinari dell'articolo (validi dal 09/05/2024)
	
				Settore MEDS-24/A - Statistica medica
			
	Data di pubblicazione
	
				2022
			
	Data ahead of print o data di stampa
	
				3-dic-2021
			
	Rivista in ANCE
	
				THE LANCET ONCOLOGY
			
	DOI
	
				https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(21)00581-7
			
	Tipologia
	
				Article (author)
			
	Appare nelle tipologie:
	
				01 - Articolo su periodico

File in questo prodotto:

File	Dimensione	Formato
1-s2.0-S1470204521005817-main.pdf accesso aperto Tipologia: Publisher's version/PDF Licenza: Creative commons Dimensione 1.62 MB Formato Adobe PDF Visualizza/Apri	1.62 MB	Adobe PDF	Visualizza/Apri

Pubblicazioni consigliate

I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.

Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/2434/887930

Citazioni

135

ND

ND

ND

IRIS Institutional Research Information System - AIR Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca