Skeletal muscle regeneration is a complex process involving crosstalk between immune cells and myogenic precursor cells, i.e., satellite cells. In this scenario, macrophage recruitment in damaged muscles is a mandatory step for tissue repair since pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages promote the activation of satellite cells, stimulating their proliferation and then, after switching into anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages, they prompt satellite cells’ differentiation into myotubes and resolve inflammation. Here, we show that acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase), a key enzyme in sphingolipid metabolism, is activated after skeletal muscle injury induced in vivo by the injection of cardiotoxin. ASMase ablation shortens the early phases of skeletal muscle regeneration without affecting satellite cell behavior. Of interest, ASMase regulates the balance between M1 and M2 macrophages in the injured muscles so that the absence of the enzyme reduces inflammation. The analysis of macrophage populations indicates that these events depend on the altered polarization of M1 macrophages towards an M2 phenotype. Our results unravel a novel role of ASMase in regulating immune response during muscle regeneration/repair and suggest ASMase as a supplemental therapeutic target in conditions of redundant inflammation that impairs muscle recovery.

Acid sphingomyelinase controls early phases of skeletal muscle regeneration by shaping the macrophage phenotype / P. Roux-Biejat, M. Coazzoli, P. Marrazzo, S. Zecchini, I. Di Renzo, C. Prata, A. Napoli, C. Moscheni, M. Giovarelli, M.C. Barbalace, E. Catalani, M.T. Bassi, C. De Palma, D. Cervia, M. Malaguti, S. Hrelia, E. Clementi, C. Perrotta. - In: CELLS. - ISSN 2073-4409. - 10:11(2021), pp. 3028.1-3028.19. [10.3390/cells10113028]

Acid sphingomyelinase controls early phases of skeletal muscle regeneration by shaping the macrophage phenotype

P. Roux-Biejat;M. Coazzoli
Secondo
;
S. Zecchini;I. Di Renzo;A. Napoli;C. Moscheni;M. Giovarelli;M.T. Bassi;C. De Palma;E. Clementi
Penultimo
;
C. Perrotta
Ultimo
2021

Abstract

Skeletal muscle regeneration is a complex process involving crosstalk between immune cells and myogenic precursor cells, i.e., satellite cells. In this scenario, macrophage recruitment in damaged muscles is a mandatory step for tissue repair since pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages promote the activation of satellite cells, stimulating their proliferation and then, after switching into anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages, they prompt satellite cells’ differentiation into myotubes and resolve inflammation. Here, we show that acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase), a key enzyme in sphingolipid metabolism, is activated after skeletal muscle injury induced in vivo by the injection of cardiotoxin. ASMase ablation shortens the early phases of skeletal muscle regeneration without affecting satellite cell behavior. Of interest, ASMase regulates the balance between M1 and M2 macrophages in the injured muscles so that the absence of the enzyme reduces inflammation. The analysis of macrophage populations indicates that these events depend on the altered polarization of M1 macrophages towards an M2 phenotype. Our results unravel a novel role of ASMase in regulating immune response during muscle regeneration/repair and suggest ASMase as a supplemental therapeutic target in conditions of redundant inflammation that impairs muscle recovery.
acid sphingomyelinase; muscle regeneration; macrophage phenotype; inflammation
Settore BIO/14 - Farmacologia
Settore BIO/10 - Biochimica
Settore BIO/17 - Istologia
Settore BIO/09 - Fisiologia
2021
Article (author)
File in questo prodotto:
File Dimensione Formato  
cells-10-03028.pdf

accesso aperto

Tipologia: Publisher's version/PDF
Dimensione 4.96 MB
Formato Adobe PDF
4.96 MB Adobe PDF Visualizza/Apri
Pubblicazioni consigliate

I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.

Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/2434/884723
Citazioni
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.pmc??? 3
  • Scopus 4
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.isi??? 4
social impact