The 15-months clinical experience of sars-cov-2: A literature review of therapies and adjuvants

Inchingolo, A.D.; Dipalma, G.; Inchingolo, A.M.; Malcangi, G.; Santacroce, L.; D'oria, M.T.; Isacco, C.G.; Bordea, I.R.; Candrea, S.; Scarano, A.; Morandi, B.; Fabbro, M.D.; Farronato, M.; Tartaglia, G.M.; Balzanelli, M.G.; Ballini, A.; Nucci, L.; Lorusso, F.; Taschieri, S.; Inchingolo, F.

doi:10.3390/antiox10060881

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virus responsible for the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) that emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and rapidly spread worldwide, with a daily increase in confirmed cases and infection-related deaths. The World Health Organization declared a pandemic on the 11th of March 2020. COVID-19 presents flu-like symptoms that become severe in high-risk medically compromised subjects. The aim of this study was to perform an updated overview of the treatments and adjuvant protocols for COVID-19. Methods: A systematic literature search of databases was performed (MEDLINE PubMed, Google Scholar, UpToDate, Embase, and Web of Science) using the keywords: “COVID-19”, “2019-nCoV”, “coronavirus” and “SARS-CoV-2” (date range: 1 January 2019 to 31st October 2020), focused on clinical features and treatments. Results: The main treatments retrieved were antivirals, antimalarials, convalescent plasma, immunomodulators, corticosteroids, anticoagulants, and mesenchymal stem cells. Most of the described treatments may provide benefits to COVID-19 subjects, but no one protocol has definitively proven its efficacy. Conclusions: While many efforts are being spent worldwide in research aimed at identifying early diagnostic methods and evidence-based effective treatments, mass vaccination is thought to be the best option against this disease in the near future.

The 15-months clinical experience of sars-cov-2: A literature review of therapies and adjuvants / A.D. Inchingolo, G. Dipalma, A.M. Inchingolo, G. Malcangi, L. Santacroce, M.T. D'oria, C.G. Isacco, I.R. Bordea, S. Candrea, A. Scarano, B. Morandi, M.D. Fabbro, M. Farronato, G.M. Tartaglia, M.G. Balzanelli, A. Ballini, L. Nucci, F. Lorusso, S. Taschieri, F. Inchingolo. - In: ANTIOXIDANTS. - ISSN 2076-3921. - 10:6(2021), pp. 881.1-881.43. [10.3390/antiox10060881]

Titolo:	The 15-months clinical experience of sars-cov-2: A literature review of therapies and adjuvants
Autori:	Inchingolo A. D. Dipalma G. Inchingolo A. M. Malcangi G. Santacroce L. D'oria M. T. Isacco C. G. Bordea I. R. Candrea S. Scarano A. MORANDI, BENEDETTA Fabbro M. D. FARRONATO, MARCO TARTAGLIA, GIANLUCA MARTINO Balzanelli M. G. Ballini A. Nucci L. Lorusso F. TASCHIERI, SILVIO LUIGI MARIA Inchingolo F. mostra contributor esterni nascondi contributor esterni
Parole Chiave:	SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19); vaccines; anticoagulants; antioxidants; antivirals; antimalarials; immunotherapy; immunomodulators; corticosteroids; autologous stem cells
Settore Scientifico Disciplinare:	Settore MED/50 - Scienze Tecniche Mediche Applicate Settore MED/28 - Malattie Odontostomatologiche
Data di pubblicazione:	2021
Rivista:	ANTIOXIDANTS
Tipologia:	Article (author)
Digital Object Identifier (DOI):	http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10060881
Appare nelle tipologie:	01 - Articolo su periodico

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