Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a proteinopathy associated with the aggregation of α‐ synuclein and the formation of lipid–protein cellular inclusions, named Lewy bodies (LBs). LB formation results in impaired neurotransmitter release and uptake, which involve membrane traffic and require lipid synthesis and metabolism. Lipids, particularly ceramides, are accumulated in postmortem PD brains and altered in the plasma of PD patients. Autophagy is impaired in PD, reducing the ability of neurons to clear protein aggregates, thus worsening stress conditions and inducing neuronal death. The inhibition of ceramide synthesis by myriocin (Myr) in SH‐SY5Y neuronal cells treated with preformed α‐synuclein fibrils reduced intracellular aggregates, favoring their sequestration into lysosomes. This was associated with TFEB activation, increased expression of TFEB and LAMP2, and the cytosolic accumulation of LC3II, indicating that Myr promotes autophagy. Myr significantly reduces the fibril‐related production of inflammatory mediators and lipid peroxidation and activates NRF2, which is downregulated in PD. Finally, Myr enhances the expression of genes that control neurotransmitter transport (SNARE complex, VMAT2, and DAT), whose progressive deficiency occurs in PD neurodegeneration. The present study suggests that counteracting the accumulation of inflammatory lipids could represent a possible therapeutic strategy for PD.

Inhibition of ceramide synthesis reduces α‐synuclein proteinopathy in a cellular model of parkinson’s disease / A. Mingione, F. Pivari, N. Plotegher, M.D. Cas, A. Zulueta, T. Bocci, M. Trinchera, E. Albi, V. Maglione, A. Caretti, L. Bubacco, R. Paroni, D. Bottai, R. Ghidoni, P. Signorelli. - In: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES. - ISSN 1661-6596. - 22:12(2021 Jun 16). [10.3390/ijms22126469]

Inhibition of ceramide synthesis reduces α‐synuclein proteinopathy in a cellular model of parkinson’s disease

A. Mingione
Primo
;
F. Pivari
Secondo
;
M.D. Cas;T. Bocci;A. Caretti;R. Paroni;D. Bottai;R. Ghidoni
Penultimo
;
P. Signorelli
Ultimo
2021

Abstract

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a proteinopathy associated with the aggregation of α‐ synuclein and the formation of lipid–protein cellular inclusions, named Lewy bodies (LBs). LB formation results in impaired neurotransmitter release and uptake, which involve membrane traffic and require lipid synthesis and metabolism. Lipids, particularly ceramides, are accumulated in postmortem PD brains and altered in the plasma of PD patients. Autophagy is impaired in PD, reducing the ability of neurons to clear protein aggregates, thus worsening stress conditions and inducing neuronal death. The inhibition of ceramide synthesis by myriocin (Myr) in SH‐SY5Y neuronal cells treated with preformed α‐synuclein fibrils reduced intracellular aggregates, favoring their sequestration into lysosomes. This was associated with TFEB activation, increased expression of TFEB and LAMP2, and the cytosolic accumulation of LC3II, indicating that Myr promotes autophagy. Myr significantly reduces the fibril‐related production of inflammatory mediators and lipid peroxidation and activates NRF2, which is downregulated in PD. Finally, Myr enhances the expression of genes that control neurotransmitter transport (SNARE complex, VMAT2, and DAT), whose progressive deficiency occurs in PD neurodegeneration. The present study suggests that counteracting the accumulation of inflammatory lipids could represent a possible therapeutic strategy for PD.
Autophagy; Ceramide; Myriocin; Oxidative stress; Parkinson’s disease; Sphingolipids; α‐synuclein; Animals; Biosynthetic Pathways; Cell Line, Tumor; Ceramides; Disease Management; Disease Susceptibility; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; Humans; Intracellular Space; Oxidative Stress; Parkinson Disease; Sphingolipids; alpha-Synuclein
Settore BIO/10 - Biochimica
Settore BIO/12 - Biochimica Clinica e Biologia Molecolare Clinica
Settore BIO/13 - Biologia Applicata
Settore BIO/09 - Fisiologia
16-giu-2021
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/2434/859084
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