Given the rising skill demands in the labour market, early school leavers are a category at risk in European societies. Italy is one of the EU-28 countries where this phenomenon is most severe, since about one fifth of Italian young adults do not hold an upper-secondary degree. Despite the relevance of this topic for the equality of life chances, only a few works have investigated the causes and consequences of dropout from secondary schooling in the Italian context. Moreover, even if gender is a crucial dimension of inequality when considering the labour market opportunity structure, gender effects are usually accounted for, but not analysed specifically. By using ISFOL PLUS (waves 2005- 2011) and the “Early school leaving dynamics” (ESLD) survey conducted by ISFOL in 2011, we look directly at gender effects by studying if and to what extent boys more inclined to drop out from upper-secondary schooling than girls, and what are the labour market outcomes for boys and girls who did and did not drop out from high school. The main results of our analyses suggest the existence of different mechanisms for early school leaving for boys and girls, partially mediated by push and pull factors. We find that girls are less likely to drop out from secondary schooling even after accounting for previous scholastic performance, i.e. a key push factor. We argue that pull factors – and especially job-related motivations – may affect boys and girls differently due to differential labour market opportunities. The latter hypothesis is supported by the findings concerning the association between dropout and the area of residence of the pupils and the educational level of their parents. Finally, we analyse the current labour market.
Considerata la crescente domanda di lavoro qualificato, il rischio di abbandono scolastico costituisce un problema rilevante per molte società europee. L’Italia è uno dei paesi UE-28 dove il fenomeno è più grave, poiché un quinto dei giovani italiani non ha un titolo di studio secondario superiore. Nonostante la rilevanza del tema e le importanti implicazioni per l’uguaglianza di opportunità, solo un ristretto numero di ricerche ha indagato le cause e le conseguenze dell’abbandono scolastico nel contesto italiano. Inoltre, sebbene il genere sia una dimensione cruciale della disuguaglianza quando si guardi alla struttura delle opportunità sul mercato del lavoro, gli effetti di genere nell’abbandono scolastico non sono finora stati approfonditi. In questo articolo, analizziamo gli effetti di genere sulla probabilità di abbandono della scuola secondaria ed il successivo posizionamento sul mercato del lavoro usando ISFOL-PLUS (wave 2005-2011) e la base dati ISFOL “Le dinamiche della dispersione formativa” (2011). I risultati suggeriscono l’esistenza di diversi meccanismi per l’abbandono scolastico fra maschi e femmine, parzialmente mediati da fattori push e pull. Le ragazze hanno una minore propensione all’abbandono rispetto ai ragazzi, e non solo in ragione della loro migliore performance scolastica (uno dei principali fattori push). I fattori pull – ed in particolare quelli relativi al lavoro – sembrano influenzare in maniera differente maschi e femmine a causa delle diverse opportunità sul mercato del lavoro, come emerge dai risultati sull’associazione fra abbandono, area di residenza e livello di istruzione dei genitori. Infine, le analisi sulle attuali condizioni degli studenti con bassa performance scolastica mostrano che non aver conseguito una qualifica di scuola secondaria ed essere una femmina sono associati – nel breve periodo – alle posizioni meno favorevoli sul mercato del lavoro, mentre l’interazione fra abbandono e genere non è statisticamente significativa.
Early school leaving in Italy: The heterogeneity of gender effects / C. Borgna, E. Struffolino (RESEARCH PAPER). - In: Research Paper[s.l] : ISFOL, 2014. - ISBN 9788854301726. - pp. 3-27
Early school leaving in Italy: The heterogeneity of gender effects
E. Struffolino
2014
Abstract
Given the rising skill demands in the labour market, early school leavers are a category at risk in European societies. Italy is one of the EU-28 countries where this phenomenon is most severe, since about one fifth of Italian young adults do not hold an upper-secondary degree. Despite the relevance of this topic for the equality of life chances, only a few works have investigated the causes and consequences of dropout from secondary schooling in the Italian context. Moreover, even if gender is a crucial dimension of inequality when considering the labour market opportunity structure, gender effects are usually accounted for, but not analysed specifically. By using ISFOL PLUS (waves 2005- 2011) and the “Early school leaving dynamics” (ESLD) survey conducted by ISFOL in 2011, we look directly at gender effects by studying if and to what extent boys more inclined to drop out from upper-secondary schooling than girls, and what are the labour market outcomes for boys and girls who did and did not drop out from high school. The main results of our analyses suggest the existence of different mechanisms for early school leaving for boys and girls, partially mediated by push and pull factors. We find that girls are less likely to drop out from secondary schooling even after accounting for previous scholastic performance, i.e. a key push factor. We argue that pull factors – and especially job-related motivations – may affect boys and girls differently due to differential labour market opportunities. The latter hypothesis is supported by the findings concerning the association between dropout and the area of residence of the pupils and the educational level of their parents. Finally, we analyse the current labour market.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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