The Baltic Sea as the mediterranean of the North. The Baltic Region and Poland in the periodical "Geopolitica" (1939-1942)

In January 1939, the first issue of the Italian magazine “Geopolitica” came out: it would go on monthly until 1942. Founded in the scientific circles of Trieste by two geographers, Giorgio Roletto (1885-1967) and Ernesto Massi (1909-1997) who went on to become editor and co-editor-in-chief, the magazine was inspired by the German periodical “Zeitschrift für Geopolitik” by Karl Haushofer. However, it approach to geopolitical issues used autonomous conceptional bases quite different from those of the German school. In the intentions of its founders “Geopolitica” should have contributed to a reevaluation of didactics of geography and to support the imperialistic politics of Mussolini’s regime, even though it never got to have a substantial role in Italy’s governing policies. It never even obtained full recognition by the accademical geographical establishment that in fact denied geopolitics its own scientific autonomy. Frequent issues treated in the magazine were the Mediterranean basin, the Balkans and Africa, close to the Italian geostrategic interests; but there was also cautious interest towards Poland, considered to be fully integrated into the German “Lebensraum”. Therefore, we could say there was some reticence in approaching this theme, along with a sort of reverence towards the German ally who was also “competition”, despite the fact that its territory saw strategic and political events of utmost importance during the entire four years of the magazine’s life. On the other hand, the attention towards the Baltic region was free of any conditioning. It was perceived as a sort of a “Nordic Mediterranean”, wanted both by Germans and Soviets, and object of desire also of States who wanted to defend a difficult neutrality in the war that was raging through Europe.