In ancient Roman history, in the period before the foedus Cassianum, various political confederations followed one another within the nomen Latinum. The most ancient of them dates back to the age of Tullus Hostilius and it was constituted by Latin peoples against Rome. It had its seat in a place called lucus Ferentinae. Subsequent distinct confederations were formed by Romans and Latins during the reigns of Tarquinius Priscus and Servius Tullius. It emerges from the sources that in the age of Tarquinius Superbus Rome was part of the confederation based at the lucus Ferentinae with the other Latin peoples. In the age of the Roman republic, until 493 B.C., the latter confederation still existed and was once again opposed to Rome. In this article the author offers a close observation of the rules governing the agreements which constituted these confederations. Special attention is devoted to the confederations of the lucus Ferentinae, the ones best explained by the sources. In them, the supreme magistrate of one of the confederate civitates could have, according to the treaty, a leading political role (he is called ἡγεμὼν τοῦ ἔθνους by Dionysius of Halicarnassus), whereas military competence was reserved to two elected generals. The sources do not allow to assert that a “Latin dictator” ever existed.
Nel corso della storia romana arcaica si sono susseguite, prima del foedus Cassianum, varie altre confederazioni politiche all’interno del nomen Latinum. La più antica di esse risale all’epoca di Tullo Ostilio e fu costituita da populi latini contro Roma. Essa aveva sede in una località chiamata lucus Ferentinae. Successive distinte confederazioni furono costituite tra Romani e Latini durante i regni di Tarquinio Prisco e di Servio Tullio. Nell’epoca di Tarquinio il Superbo, Roma risulta parte della confederazione presso il lucus Ferentinae con gli altri Latini. Nell’età della repubblica romana, fino al 493 a.C., quest’ultima confederazione risulta ancora esistente e nuovamente contrapposta a Roma. Nell’articolo si offre una disamina delle norme pattizie che regolarono il funzionamento delle confederazioni note. Particolare attenzione è prestata alle confederazioni del lucus Ferentinae, meglio delineate dalle fonti. In esse, il magistrato supremo di una delle civitates confederate poteva avere per trattato un ruolo politico egemone (è chiamato da Dionigi di Alicarnasso ἡγεμὼν τοῦ ἔθνους), mentre le competenze militari spettavano a due generali eletti. Le fonti non permettono di affermare che sia mai esistito un “dittatore latino”.
Le confederazioni dei “populi Latini” fino al “foedus Cassianum” / L. Gagliardi. - In: IURIS ANTIQUI HISTORIA. - ISSN 2035-4967. - 12:(2020), pp. 59-95. [10.19272/202031201002]
Le confederazioni dei “populi Latini” fino al “foedus Cassianum”
L. Gagliardi
2020
Abstract
In ancient Roman history, in the period before the foedus Cassianum, various political confederations followed one another within the nomen Latinum. The most ancient of them dates back to the age of Tullus Hostilius and it was constituted by Latin peoples against Rome. It had its seat in a place called lucus Ferentinae. Subsequent distinct confederations were formed by Romans and Latins during the reigns of Tarquinius Priscus and Servius Tullius. It emerges from the sources that in the age of Tarquinius Superbus Rome was part of the confederation based at the lucus Ferentinae with the other Latin peoples. In the age of the Roman republic, until 493 B.C., the latter confederation still existed and was once again opposed to Rome. In this article the author offers a close observation of the rules governing the agreements which constituted these confederations. Special attention is devoted to the confederations of the lucus Ferentinae, the ones best explained by the sources. In them, the supreme magistrate of one of the confederate civitates could have, according to the treaty, a leading political role (he is called ἡγεμὼν τοῦ ἔθνους by Dionysius of Halicarnassus), whereas military competence was reserved to two elected generals. The sources do not allow to assert that a “Latin dictator” ever existed.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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