Industry 4.0 Implementation Challenges and Opportunities: A Managerial Perspective

Industry 4.0 is a concept aimed at achieving theintegration of physical parts of the manufacturing process (i.e.,complex machinery, various devices, and sensors) and cyber parts(i.e., advanced software) via networks and driven by Industry 4.0technology categories used for prediction, control, maintenance,and integration of manufacturing processes. Industry 4.0, whichis expected to have a great impact on manufacturing systems inthe future, is attracting attention in both industry and academia.Although academic research on Industry 4.0 is growing exponen-tially, evidence of Industry 4.0 implementation in practice is stillscarce. Moreover, the challenges industry faces when implementingthe Industry 4.0 concept seem to be even less addressed. At the startof the present survey, a preliminary literature review identified alack of comprehensive analysis of the Industry 4.0 implementationchallenges. Thus, the purpose of the present article is to provide anoverview of the reported Industry 4.0 implementation challenges inthe relevant literature by conducting a systematic literature review.Specifically, while the present study differentiates between man-agerial and technological Industry 4.0 implementation challenges,the focus of the present article is on the managerial Industry 4.0implementation challenges. This overview is performed by derivingan inductively coded Industry 4.0 technology framework that clas-sifies Industry 4.0 technologies into ten categories: cyber physicalsystems, Internet of Things, big data analytics, cloud computing, fogand edge computing, augmented and virtual reality, robotics, cybersecurity, semantic web technologies, and additive manufacturing.The present article identifies, codes, and defines the managerialIndustry 4.0 implementation challenges and derives opportunitiesfor overcoming them.