Global variation in anastomosis and end colostomy formation following left-sided colorectal resection

Glasbey, J.C.; Adisa, A.O.; Costas‐chavarri, A.; Qureshi, A.U.; Allen‐ingabire, J.C.; Salem, H.K.; Kojo, A.T.T.; Tabiri, S.; Nepogodiev, D.; Lilford, R.J.; Harrison, E.M.; Pinkney, T.D.; Smart, N.; Bhangu, A.; Verjee, A.; Runigamugabo, E.; Glasbey, J.; Bhangu, A.; Ademuyiwa, A.O.; Adisa, A.O.; Aguilera, M.L.; Altamini, A.; Alexander, P.; Al‐saqqa, S.W.; Borda‐luque, G.; Cornick, J.; Costas‐chavarri, A.; Drake, T.M.; Fergusson, S.J.; Fitzgerald, J.E.; Glasbey, J.; Ingabire, J.C.A.; Ismaïl, L.; Jaffry, Z.; Salem, H.K.; Khatri, C.; Kirby, A.; Kojo, A.T.T.; Lapitan, M.C.; Lilford, R.; Mihaljevic, A.L.; Mohan, M.; Morton, D.; Mutabazi, A.Z.; Nepogodiev, D.; Ntirenganya, F.; Ots, R.; Pata, F.; Pinkney, T.; Poškus, T.; Qureshi, A.U.; Medina, A.R.; Rayne, S.; Recinos, G.; Søreide, K.; Shaw, C.A.; Shu, S.; Spence, R.; Smart, N.; Tabiri, S.; Lilford, R.; Morton, D.; Harrison, E.M.; Bhangu, A.; Khatri, C.; Gobin, N.; Freitas, A.V.; Hall, N.; Kim, S.; Negida, A.; Khairy, H.; Jaffry, Z.; Chapman, S.J.; 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Jabbar, A.; De Bono, P.; Attard, M.; Burns, H.; Macdonald, E.; Baldacchino, M.; Skehan, J.; Camilleri‐brennan, J.; Hall, T.F.; Gimzewska, M.; Mclachlan, G.; Shah, J.; Giles, J.; Chiu, S.; Weber, B.; Chiu, S.M.Y.; Highcock, S.; Hassan, M.; Beasley, W.; Vlachogiorgos, A.; Dias, S.; Maharaj, G.; Mcdonald, R.; Macdonald, A.; Witherspoon, P.; Baird, A.; Sarmah, P.; Green, N.; Youssef, H.; Cross, K.; Rees, C.M.; Van Duren, B.; Upchurch, E.; Khan, K.; Abudeeb, H.; Hammad, A.; Karandikar, S.; Bowley, D.; Karim, A.; Chachulski, W.; Richardson, L.; Dawnay, G.; Thompson, B.; Mistry, A.; Bhangu, A.; Ghetia, M.; Roy, S.; Al‐obaedi, O.; Ghetia, M.; Das, K.; Prabhudesai, A.; Cocker, D.; Tan, J.J.; Tyler, R.; Di Franco, F.; Ayyar, S.; Vivekanantham, S.; Gokani, S.; Gillespie, M.; Gudlaugsdottir, K.; Pezas, T.; Currow, C.; Kim, M.Y.; Birring, A.; Edwards, J.; Ali, A.; Das, S.; Jha, M.; Atkinson, K.; Luck, J.; Fozard, T.; Puttick, M.; Salama, Y.; Shah, R.; Ibrahem, A.A.; Ebdewi, H.; Gravante, G.; El‐rabaa, S.; 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Obute, R.D.; Glover, T.E.; Clark, D.J.; Boshnaq, M.; Akhtar, M.; Capleton, P.; Doughan, S.; Rabie, M.; Mohamed, I.; Samuel, D.; Dickson, L.; Kennedy, M.; Dempster, E.; Brown, E.; Maple, N.; Monaghan, E.; Wolf, B.; Garland, A.; Mcphee, A.; Anderson, D.; Anderson, R.; Hassan, S.; Sutton, P.; Smith, D.; Lund, J.; Boereboom, C.; Murphy, J.; Tierney, G.; Tou, S.; Zimmermann, E.F.; Smart, N.J.; Warwick, A.M.; Stasinou, T.; Daniels, I.; Findlay‐cooper, K.; Mitrasinovic, S.; Ray, S.; Varcada, M.; D'Souza, R.; Omara, S.; Spurr, M.; Parkinson, L.; Hanks, A.; Jennifer, M.; Abington, E.; Ramcharn, M.; Williams, G.; Winstanley, J.; Kennedy, E.D.; Yeung, E.N.; Fergusson, S.J.; Jones, C.; O'Neill, S.; Lim, S.J.; Liew, I.; Nair, H.; Fairfield, C.; Julia, O.; Koh, S.; Wilson, A.; Fairfield, C.; Anandkumar, D.; Kirupagaran, A.; Jones, T.F.; Torrance, H.D.; Fowler, A.J.; Chandrakumar, C.; Patel, P.; Ashraf, S.F.; Lakhani, S.M.; Mclean, A.L.; Basson, S.; Batt, J.; Bowman, C.; Stoddart, M.; Benons, N.; Mason, C.; Harrison, R.; Quayle, J.; Barker, T.; Summerour, V.; Harper, E.; Smith, C.; Hampton, M.; Pitt, S.K.; Ward, A.E.; O'Connor, T.; Heywood, E.G.; Drake, T.M.; Chowdhury, A.; Hossaini, S.; Watson, N.F.; Mckechnie, D.; Farah, A.; Chun, A.; Koh, H.; Lim, G.; Sunderland, G.; Gould, L.; Chambers, A.; Munipalle, P.C.; Rooney, H.; Browning, D.R.L.; Pereira, B.; Nemeth, K.; Decker, E.; Giuliani, S.; Shalaby, A.; Shaikh, S.; Tan, C.Y.; Palkhi, E.Y.A.; Szczap, A.; Chidambaram, S.; Chen, C.Y.; Kulasabanathan, K.; Chhabra, S.; Kostov, E.; Harbord, P.; Barnacle, J.; Palliyil, M.M.; Zikry, M.; Porter, J.; Raslan, C.; Saeed, M.; Hafiz, S.; Soltani, N.; Baillie, K.; Singh, P.; Sheth, S.; Patel, K.; Khalili, M.; Choi, J.; Benger, M.; Marples, L.; Macfarlane, A.; Thurairaja, R.; Boyce, T.; Whewell, H.; Jones, E.; Th'Ng, F.; Robertson, N.; Mirza, A.; Saeed, H.; Galloway, S.; Elena, G.; Afzal, M.; Zakir, M.; Sodde, P.; Hand, C.; Sriram, A.; Clark, T.; Holton, P.; Livesey, A.; Sinha, Y.; Iqbal, F.M.; Bharj, I.S.; Rotundo, A.; Jenvey, C.; Slade, R.; Golding, D.; Haines, S.; Ne'Ma Abdullah, A.A.; Tilston, T.W.; Loughran, D.; Donoghue, D.; Giacci, L.; Sherif, M.A.; Harrison, P.; Tang, A.; Kotecha, D.; Elshaer, M.; Urbonas, T.; Riaz, A.; Chapman, A.; Acharya, P.; Shalhoub, J.; Grossart, C.; Mcmorran, D.; Mlotshwa, M.; Hawkins, W.; Loizides, S.; Krishna, K.; Orchard, M.; Chik Wai, H.; Thomson, P.; Khan, S.; Taylor, F.; Shukla, J.; Howie, E.E.; Macdonald, L.; Komolafe, O.; Mcintyre, N.; Cragg, J.; Parker, J.; Stewart, D.; Lintin, L.; Tracy, J.; Farooq, T.; Molina, G.; Kaafarani, H.; Luque, L.; Beyene, R.; Sava, J.; Scott, M.; Swaroop, M.; Kennedy, R.; Azodo, I.A.; Heffernan, D.; Chun, T.; Stephen, A.; Sion, M.; Weinstein, M.S.; Punja, V.; Bugaev, N.; Goodstein, M.; Razmdjou, S.; Etchill, E.; Puyana, J.C.; Kesinger, M.; Napolitano, L.; Kathleen, T.; Hemmila, M.; Todd, O.; Jenner, E.; Hoogakker, E.; Grizhja, B.; Ymeri, S.; Galiqi, G.; Klappenbach, R.; Antezana, D.; Beleño, A.E.M.; Costa, C.; Sanchez, B.; Aviles, S.; Modolo, M.M.; Fermani, C.G.; Balmaceda, R.; Villalobos, S.; Carmona, J.M.; Hamill, D.; Deutschmann, P.; Sandler, S.; Cox, D.; Nataraja, R.; Sharpin, C.; Ljuhar, D.; Gray, D.; Haines, M.; Iyer, D.; Niranjan, N.; D'Amours, S.; Ashtari, M.; Franco, H.; Mitul, A.R.; Karim, S.; Aman, N.F.; Estee, M.M.; Salma, U.; Razzaque, J.; Kanta, T.H.; Tori, S.A.; Alamin, S.; Roy, S.; Al Amin, S.; Karim, R.; Haque, M.; Faruq, A.; Iftekhar, F.; O'Shea, M.; Padmore, G.; Jonnalagadda, R.; Litvin, A.; Filatau, A.; Paulouski, D.; Shubianok, M.; Shachykava, T.; Khokha, D.; Khokha, V.; Djivoh, F.; Ismaïl, L.; Dossou, F.; Seto, D.M.; Gbessi, D.G.; Noukpozounkou, B.; Souaibou, Y.I.; Keke, K.R.; Hodonou, F.; Ahounou, E.Y.S.; Alihonou, T.; Dénakpo, M.; Ahlonsou, G.; Bedada, A.G.; Nsengiyumva, C.; Kwizera, S.; Barendegere, V.; Choi, P.; Stock, S.; Jamal, L.; Firdouse, M.; Zani, A.; Azzie, G.; Kushwaha, S.; Agarwal, A.; Chen, T.; Yip, C.; Montes, I.; Zapata, F.; Sierra, S.; Lanau, M.I.V.; Arango, M.C.M.; Restrepo, I.M.; Sierra, S.; Giraldo, R.S.R.; Arango, M.C.M.; Domini, E.; Karlo, R.; Mihanovic, J.; Youssef, M.; Elfeki, H.; Thabet, W.; Sanad, A.; Tawfik, G.; Zaki, A.; Abdel‐hameed, N.; Mostafa, M.; Omar, M.F.W.; Ghanem, A.; Abdallah, E.; Denewar, A.; Emara, E.; Rashad, E.; Sakr, A.; Elashry, R.; Emile, S.; Khafagy, T.; Elhamouly, S.; Elfarargy, A.; Mohamed, A.M.; Nagy, G.S.; Esam, A.; Elwy, E.; Hammad, A.; Khallaf, S.; Ibrahim, E.; Saidbadr, A.; Moustafa, A.; Mohammed, A.E.; Elgheriany, M.; Abdelmageed, E.; Al Raouf, E.A.; Elbanby, E.S.; Elmasry, M.; Farahat, M.M.; Mansor, E.Y.; Hegazy, E.M.; Gamal, E.; Gamal, H.; Kandil, H.; Abdelrouf, D.M.; Moaty, M.; Gamal, D.; El‐sagheer, N.; Salah, M.; Magdy, S.; Salah, A.; Essam, A.; Ali, A.; Badawy, M.; Ahmed, S.; Mohamed, M.; Assal, A.; Sleem, M.; Ebidy, M.; Elrazek, A.A.; Zahran, D.; Adam, N.; Nazir, M.; Hassanein, A.B.; Ismail, A.; Elsawy, A.; Mamdouh, R.; Mabrouk, M.; Ahmed, L.A.M.; Alnaby, M.H.; Magdy, E.; Abd‐elmawla, M.; Fahim, M.; Mowafy, B.; Mahmoud, M.I.; Allam, M.; Alkelani, M.; El Gendy, N.H.; Aboul‐naga, M.S.; El‐din, R.A.; Elgendy, A.H.; Ismail, M.; Shalaby, M.; Elsharkawy, A.A.; Moghazy, M.E.; Elbisomy, K.H.; Shakshouk, H.A.G.; Hamed, M.F.; Ebidy, M.M.; Abdelkader, M.; Karkeet, M.; Ahmed, H.; Adel, I.; Omar, M.E.; Ibrahim, M.; Ghoneim, O.; Hesham, O.; Gamal, S.; Hilal, K.; Arafa, O.; Awad, S.A.; Salem, M.; Elsherif, F.A.; Elsabbagh, N.; Aboelsoud, M.R.; Rida, A.H.E.F.; Hossameldin, A.; Hany, E.; Asar, Y.H.; Anwar, N.; Gadelkarim, M.; Abdelhady, S.; Morshedy, E.M.; Saad, R.; Soliman, N.; Salama, M.; Ezzat, E.; Mohamed, A.; Ibrahim, A.; Fergany, A.; Mohammed, S.; Reda, A.; Allam, Y.; Saad, H.A.; Abdelfatah, A.; Fathy, A.M.; El‐sehily, A.; Kasem, E.A.; Hassan, A.T.A.; Mohammed, A.R.; Saad, A.G.; Elfouly, Y.; Elfouly, N.; Ibrahim, A.; Hassaan, A.; Mohammed, M.M.; Elhoseny, G.; Magdy, M.; Elkhalek, E.A.; Zakaria, Y.; Ezzat, T.; El Dahab, A.A.; Kelany, M.; Arafa, S.; Hassan, O.M.M.; Badwi, N.M.; Sleem, A.S.; Ahmed, H.; Abdelbadeai, K.; Abdullah, M.A.; Lokman, M.A.A.; Bahar, S.; Abdelazeam, A.R.; Adelshone, A.; Hasnan, M.B.; Zulkifli, A.; Kamarulzamil, S.N.A.; Elhendawy, A.; Latif, A.; Adnan, A.B.; Shaharuddin, S.; Majid, A.H.H.A.; Amreia, M.; Al‐marakby, D.; Salma, M.; Ismail, M.J.B.; Basir, E.R.M.; Ali, C.D.M.; Ata, A.Y.; Nasr, M.; Rezq, A.; Sheta, A.; Tariq, S.; Sallam, A.E.; Darwish, A.K.; Elmihy, S.; Elhadry, S.; Farag, A.; Hajeh, H.; Abdelaal, A.; Aglan, A.; Zohair, A.; Essam, M.; Moussa, O.; El‐gizawy, E.; Samy, M.; Ali, S.; Elhalawany, E.; Ata, A.; El Halawany, M.; Nashat, M.; Soliman, S.; Elazab, A.; Samy, M.; Abdelaziz, M.A.; Ibrahim, K.; Ibrahim, A.M.; Gado, A.; Hantour, U.; Eldeen, E.A.; Loaloa, M.R.; Abouzaid, A.; Eldin, M.A.B.; Hashad, E.; Sroor, F.; Gamil, D.; Abdulhakeem, E.M.; Zakaria, M.; Mohamed, F.; Abubakr, M.; Ali, E.; Magdy, H.; Ramadan, M.T.; Mohamed, M.A.; Mansour, S.; Amin, H.A.A.; Mohamed, A.R.; Saami, M.; Elsayed, N.A.R.; Tarek, A.; Mahmoud, S.M.E.; El Sayed, I.M.; Reda, A.; Shawky, M.Y.; Salem, M.M.; El‐din, S.A.; Soliman, N.A.; Talaat, M.; Alaael‐dein, S.; Elhusseiny, A.A.E.; Abdullah, N.; Elshaar, M.; Ibraheem, A.A.; Abdulaziz, H.; Ismail, M.K.; Madkor, M.H.; Abdelaty, M.; Abdel‐kader, S.M.; Salah, O.M.; Eldafrawy, M.; Eldeeb, A.Z.; Eid, M.M.; Attia, A.; El‐dien, K.S.; Shwky, A.; Badenjki, M.A.; Soliman, A.; Al Attar, S.M.; Sayed, F.; Sabour, F.A.; Azizeldine, M.G.; Shawqi, M.; Hashim, A.; Aamer, A.; Abdelraouf, A.M.; Abdelshakour, M.; Ibrahim, A.; Mahmoud, B.; Mahmoud, M.A.; Qenawy, M.; Rashed, A.M.; Dahy, A.; Sayed, M.; Shamsedine, A.W.; Mohamed, B.; Hasan, A.; Saad, M.M.; Bassit, K.A.; El‐latif, N.K.A.; Elzahed, N.; El Kashash, A.; Bekhet, N.M.; Hafez, S.; Gad, A.; Maher, M.E.; Elsameea, A.A.; Hafez, M.; Sabe, A.; Ahmed, A.; Shahine, A.; Dawood, K.; Gaafar, S.; Husseiny, R.; Aboelmagd, O.; Soliman, A.; Mesbah, N.; Emadeldin, H.; Al Meligy, A.; Bekhet, A.H.; Hasan, D.; Alhady, K.; Sabe, A.K.; Elnajjar, M.A.; Aboelella, M.; Hamsho, W.; Hassan, I.; Saad, H.; Abdelazim, G.; Mahmoud, H.; Wael, N.; Kandil, A.M.; Magdy, A.; Elkholy, S.S.; Adel, B.E.; Dabbour, K.; Elsherbiney, S.; Mattar, O.; Abdrabou, A.K.; Aly, M.Y.M.; Geuoshy, A.; Elnagar, A.; Ahmed, S.; Abdelmotaleb, I.; Saleh, A.A.; Saeed, M.; Mahmoud, S.; Tawfik, B.A.; Ismail, S.A.; Zakaria, E.; Gad, M.O.; Elhelbawy, M.S.; Bassem, M.; Maraie, N.; Elhadary, N.M.; Semeda, N.; Mohamed, S.R.; Bakry, H.M.; Essam, A.; Tarek, D.; Ashour, K.; Elhadad, A.; Abdel‐aty, A.; Rakha, I.; Matter, S.M.; Abdelhamed, R.; Abdelkader, O.; Hassaan, A.; Soliman, Y.; Mohamed, A.; Ghanem, S.; Farouk, S.A.M.; Ibrahim, E.M.; El‐taher, E.; Mostafa, M.; Badr, M.F.M.; Elsemelawy, R.; El‐sawy, A.; Bakr, A.; Al Rafati, A.A.R.; Saar, S.; Reinsoo, A.; Talving, P.; Seyoum, N.; Worku, T.; Fitsum, A.; Tolonen, M.; Leppäniemi, A.; Sallinen, V.; Parmentier, B.; Peycelon, M.; Irtan, S.; Dardenne, S.; Robert, E.; Maillot, B.; Courboin, E.; Arnaud, A.P.; Hascoet, J.; Abbo, O.; Kaci, A.A.; Prudhomme, T.; Ballouhey, Q.; Grosos, C.; Fourcade, L.; Cecilia, T.; Jean‐francois, C.; Helene, F.; Delforge, X.; Haraux, E.; Dousset, B.; Schiavone, R.; Gaujoux, S.; Marret, J.; Haffreingue, A.; Rod, J.; Renaux‐petel, M.; Lecompte, J.; Bréaud, J.; Gastaldi, P.; Taieb, C.; Claire, R.; Anis, E.; Bustangi, N.; Lopez, M.; Scalabre, A.; Grella, M.G.; Mariani, A.; Podevin, G.; Schmitt, F.; Hervieux, E.; Broch, A.; Muller, C.; Tabiri, S.; Kojo, A.T.T.; Bandoh, D.; Abantanga, F.; Kyereh, M.; Asumah, H.; Appiah, E.K.; Wondoh, P.; Gyedu, A.; Dally, C.; Agbedinu, K.; Amoah, M.; Yifieyeh, A.; Owusu, F.; Amoako‐boateng, M.; Dayie, M.; Hagan, R.; Debrah, S.; Ohene‐yeboah, M.; Clegg‐lampety, J.; Etwire, V.; Dakubo, J.; Essoun, S.; Bonney, W.; Glover‐addy, H.; Osei‐nketiah, S.; Amoako, J.; Adu‐aryee, N.; Appeadu‐mensah, W.; Bediako‐bowan, A.; Dedey, F.; Ekow, M.; Akatibo, E.; Yakubu, M.; Kordorwu, H.E.K.; Asare‐bediako, K.; Tackie, E.; Aaniana, K.; Acquah, E.; Opoku‐agyeman, R.; Avoka, A.; Kusi, K.; Maison, K.; Gyamfi, F.E.; Barnabas, G.N.; Abdul‐latif, S.; Amoako, P.T.; Davor, A.; Dassah, V.; Dagoe, E.; Kwakyeafriyie, P.; Akoto, E.; Ackom, E.; Mensah, E.; Atkins, E.T.; Coompson, C.L.; Ivros, N.; Ferousis, C.; Kalles, V.; Agalianos, C.; Kyriazanos, I.; Barkolias, C.; Tselos, A.; Tzikos, G.; Voulgaris, E.; Lytras, D.; Bamicha, A.; Psarianos, K.; Stefanopoulos, A.; Patoulias, I.; Sfougaris, D.; Valioulis, I.; Balalis, D.; Korkolis, D.; Manatakis, D.K.; Kyrou, G.; Karabelias, G.; Papaskarlatos, I.; Konstantina, K.; Zampitis, N.; Germanos, S.; Papailia, A.; Theodosopoulos, T.; Gkiokas, G.; Mitroudi, M.; Panteli, C.; Feidantsis, T.; Farmakis, K.; Kyziridis, D.; Ioannidis, O.; Parpoudi, S.; Gemenetzis, G.; Parasyris, S.; Anthoulakis, C.; Nikoloudis, N.; Margaritis, M.; Aguilera‐arevalo, M.; Coyoy‐gaitan, O.; Rosales, J.; Tale, L.; Soley, R.; Barrios, E.; Rodriguez, S.T.T.; Galvez, C.P.; Cruz, D.H.; Rosenberg, G.S.; Matheu, A.; Cohen, D.M.; Paul, M.; Charles, A.; Lam, J.C.Y.; Yeung, M.H.A.; Fok, C.Y.J.; Ka Hin Gabriel, L.; Lai, A.C.; Cheung, Y.H.E.; Wong, H.Y.; 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Pineño‐flores, C.; Ambrona‐zafra, D.; Craus‐miguel, A.; Jimenez‐morillas, P.; Mazzella, A.; Jayathilake, A.B.; Thalgaspitiya, S.P.B.; Wijayarathna, L.S.; Wimalge, P.M.S.N.; Sanni, H.A.; Ndajiwo, A.; Okenabirhie, O.; Homeida, A.; Younis, A.; Omer, O.A.; Abdulaziz, M.; Mussad, A.; Adam, A.; Cengiz, Y.; Björklund, I.; Ahlqvist, S.; Ahlqvist, S.; Thorell, A.; Wogensen, F.; Sokratous, A.; Breistrand, M.; Thorarinsdottir, H.; Sigurdadottir, J.; Nikberg, M.; Chabok, A.; Hjertberg, M.; Elbe, P.; Saraste, D.; Rutkowski, W.; Forlin, L.; Niska, K.; Sund, M.; Oswald, D.; Peros, G.; Bluelle, R.; Reinisch, K.; Frey, D.; Palma, A.; Raptis, D.A.; Zumbühl, L.; Zuber, M.; Schmid, R.; Werder, G.; Nocito, A.; Gerosa, A.; Mahanty, S.; Widmer, L.W.; Müller, J.; Gübeli, A.; Zuk, G.; Gulcicek, O.B.; Altinel, Y.; Vartanoglu, T.; Kose, E.; Karahan, S.R.; Aydin, M.C.; Sahbaz, N.A.; Halicioglu, I.; Alis, H.; Sapci, I.; Adıyaman, C.; Pektaş, A.M.; Cengiz, T.B.; Tansoker, I.; Işler, V.; Cevik, M.; Mutlu, D.; Ozben, V.; 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Longstaff, L.; Smart, N.; Keogh, K.; Jeon, H.; Iqbal, M.R.; Khosla, S.; Jeffery, A.; Perera, J.; Teasdale, E.; Ibrahem, A.A.; Alhammali, T.; Salama, Y.; Kabariti, R.; Oram, S.; Kidd, T.; Cullen, F.; Owen, C.; Wilson, M.; Chiu, S.; Sarafilovic, H.; Ploski, J.; Evans, E.; Abbas, A.; Kamya, S.; Ishak, N.; Bisset, C.; Andress, C.; Chin, Y.R.; Patel, P.; Evans, D.; Jeffery, A.; Perera, J.; Haslegrave, A.; Boggon, A.; Laurie, K.; Connor, K.; Mann, T.; Nepogodiev, D.; Mansuri, A.; Davies, R.; Griffiths, E.; Shahbaz, A.R.; Eng, C.; Din, F.; L'Heveder, A.; Park, E.H.G.; Ravishankar, R.; Mcintosh, K.; Yau, J.D.; Chan, L.; Mcgarvie, S.; Tang, L.; Lim, H.; Yap, S.; Park, J.; Zhan Herr, N.; Mirza, S.; Ang, Y.L.; Walls, L.; Teasdale, E.; Roy, C.; Paterson‐brown, S.; Camilleri‐brennan, J.; Mclean, K.; D'Souza, M.S.; Pronin, S.; Henshall, D.E.; Ter, E.Z.; Fouad, D.; Minocha, A.; English, W.; Morgan, C.; Townsend, D.; Maciejec, L.; Mahdi, S.; Akpenyi, O.; Hall, E.; Caydiid, H.; Rob, Z.; Abbott, T.; Torrance, H.D.; Irwin, G.; Johnston, R.; Gani, M.A.; Gravante, G.; Rajmohan, S.; Majid, K.; Dindyal, S.; Smith, C.; Palliyil, M.; Patel, S.; Nicholson, L.; Harvey, N.; Baillie, K.; Shillito, S.; Kershaw, S.; Bamford, R.; Orton, P.; Reunis, E.; Tyler, R.; Soon, W.C.; Jama, G.M.; Dhillon, D.; Patel, K.; Nanthakumaran, S.; Heard, R.; Chen, K.Y.; Barmayehvar, B.; Datta, U.; Kamarajah, S.K.; Karandikar, S.; Tani, S.I.; Monaghan, E.; Donnelly, P.; Walker, M.; Parakh, J.; Blacker, S.; Kaul, A.; Paramasivan, A.; Farag, S.; Nessa, A.; Awadallah, S.; Lim, J.; James Chean Khun, N.; Gash, K.; Kiran, R.P.; Murray, A.; Etchill, E.; Dasari, M.; Puyana, J.; Haddad, N.; Zielinski, M.; Choudhry, A.; Caliman, C.; Beamon, M.; Duane, T.; Narayanan, R.; Swaroop, M.; Myers, J.; Deal, R.; Schadde, E.; Hemmila, M.; Napolitano, L.; Kathleen, T.; Makupe, A.; Musowoya, J.; Maimbo, M.; Van Der Naald, N.; Kumwenda, D.; Reece‐smith, A.; Otten, K.; Verbeek, A.; Prins, M.; Suarez, A.A.B.; Balmaceda, R.; Deane, C.; Dijan, E.; Elfiky, M.; 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Rickard, J.; Mironescu, A.; Adedeji, A.; Alqahtani, S.; Rath, M.; Van Niekerk, M.; Koto, M.Z.; Matos‐puig, R.; Israelsson, L.; Schuetz, T.; Yuksek, M.A.; Mericliler, M.; Uluşahin, M.; Wolf, B.; Fairfield, C.; Yong, G.L.; Whitehurst, K.; Wilson, M.; Redgrave, N.; Musyoka, C.K.; Olivier, J.; Lee, K.; Cox, M.; Farhan‐alanie, M.M.H.; Callan, R.; Chibuye, C.; Ali, T.H.A.; Rekhis, S.; Rommaneh, M.; Halhouli, O.; Sam, Z.H.; Chen, J.H.C.; Roi, D.; Ismaïl, L.; Kalles, V.; Pata, F.; Nita, G.E.; Coccolini, F.; Ansaloni, L.; Pugliesi, T.B.; Pardo, G.; Blanco, R.; Escobar, E.G.

doi:10.1002/bjs5.50138

Background: End colostomy rates following colorectal resection vary across institutions in high-income settings, being influenced by patient, disease, surgeon and system factors. This study aimed to assess global variation in end colostomy rates after left-sided colorectal resection. Methods: This study comprised an analysis of GlobalSurg-1 and-2 international, prospective, observational cohort studies (2014, 2016), including consecutive adult patients undergoing elective or emergency left-sided colorectal resection within discrete 2-week windows. Countries were grouped into high-, middle-and low-income tertiles according to the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). Factors associated with colostomy formation versus primary anastomosis were explored using a multilevel, multivariable logistic regression model. Results: In total, 1635 patients from 242 hospitals in 57 countries undergoing left-sided colorectal resection were included: 113 (6·9 per cent) from low-HDI, 254 (15·5 per cent) from middle-HDI and 1268 (77·6 percent) from high-HDI countries. There was a higher proportion of patients with perforated disease (57·5, 40·9 and 35·4 per cent; P < 0·001) and subsequent use of end colostomy (52·2, 24·8 and 18·9 per cent; P < 0·001) in low-compared with middle-and high-HDI settings. The association with colostomy use in low-HDI settings persisted (odds ratio (OR) 3·20, 95 per cent c.i. 1·35 to 7·57; P = 0·008) after risk adjustment for malignant disease (OR 2·34, 1·65 to 3·32; P < 0·001), emergency surgery (OR 4·08, 2·73 to 6·10; P < 0·001), time to operation at least 48 h (OR 1·99, 1·28 to 3·09; P = 0·002) and disease perforation (OR 4·00, 2·81 to 5·69; P < 0·001). Conclusion: Global differences existed in the proportion of patients receiving end stomas after left-sided colorectal resection based on income, which went beyond case mix alone.

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Global variation in anastomosis and end colostomy formation following left-sided colorectal resection

Glasbey, James C;Adisa, Adewale O;Costas‐Chavarri, Ainhoa;Qureshi, Ahmad U;Allen‐Ingabire, Jean C;Salem, Hosni Khairy;Kojo, Anyomih Theophilus Teddy;Tabiri, Stephen;Nepogodiev, Dmitri;Lilford, Richard J;Harrison, Ewen M;Pinkney, Thomas D;Smart, Neil;Bhangu, Aneel;Verjee, Azmina;Runigamugabo, Emmy;Glasbey, James;Bhangu, Aneel;Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O;Adisa, Adewale O;Aguilera, Maria Lorena;Altamini, Afnan;Alexander, Philip;Al‐Saqqa, Sara W;Borda‐Luque, Giuliano;Cornick, Jen;Costas‐Chavarri, Ainhoa;Drake, Thomas M;Fergusson, Stuart J;Fitzgerald, J Edward;Glasbey, James;Ingabire, J. C Allen;Ismaïl, Lawani;Jaffry, Zahra;Salem, Hosni Khairy;Khatri, Chetan;Kirby, Andrew;Kojo, Anyomih Theophilus Teddy;Lapitan, Marie Carmela;Lilford, Richard;Mihaljevic, Andre L;Mohan, Midhun;Morton, Dion;Mutabazi, Alphonse Zeta;Nepogodiev, Dmitri;Ntirenganya, Faustin;Ots, Riinu;Pata, Francesco;Pinkney, Thomas;Poškus, Tomas;Qureshi, Ahmad Uzair;Medina, Antonio Ramos‐De;Rayne, Sarah;Recinos, Gustavo;Søreide, Kjetil;Shaw, Catherine A;Shu, Sebastian;Spence, Richard;Smart, Neil;Tabiri, Stephen;Lilford, Richard;Morton, Dion;Harrison, Ewen M;Bhangu, Aneel;Khatri, Chetan;Gobin, Neel;Freitas, Ana Vega;Hall, Nigel;Kim, Sung‐Hee;Negida, Ahmed;Khairy, Hosni;Jaffry, Zahra;Chapman, Stephen J;Arnaud, Alexis P;Tabiri, Stephen;Recinos, Gustavo;Manipal, Cutting Edge;Mohan, Midhun;Amandito, Radhian;Shawki, Marwan;Hanrahan, Michael;Pata, Francesco;Zilinskas, Justas;Roslani, April Camilla;Goh, Cheng Chun;Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O;Irwin, Gareth;Shu, Sebastian;Luque, Laura;Shiwani, Hunain;Altamimi, Afnan;Alsaggaf, Mohammed Ubaid;Fergusson, Stuart J;Spence, Richard;Rayne, Sarah;Jeyakumar, Jenifa;Cengiz, Yucel;Raptis, Dmitri A;Glasbey, James C;Modolo, Maria Marta;Iyer, Dushyant;King, Sebastian;Arthur, Tom;Nahar, Sayeda Nazmum;Waterman, Ade;Ismaïl, Lawani;Walsh, Michael;Agarwal, Arnav;Zani, Augusto;Firdouse, Mohammed;Rouse, Tyler;Liu, Qinyang;Correa, Juan Camilo;Salem, Hosni Khairy;Talving, Peep;Worku, Mengistu;Arnaud, Alexis;Tabiri, Stephen;Kalles, Vassilis;Aguilera, Maria Lorena;Recinos, Gustavo;Kumar, Basant;Kumar, Sunil;Amandito, Radhian;Quek, Roy;Pata, Francesco;Ansaloni, Luca;Altibi, Ahmed;Venskutonis, Donatas;Zilinskas, Justas;Poskus, Tomas;Whitaker, John;Msosa, Vanessa;Tew, Yong Yong;Farrugia, Alexia;Borg, Elaine;Medina, Antonio Ramos‐De;Bentounsi, Zineb;Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O;Søreide, Kjetil;Gala, Tanzeela;Al‐Slaibi, Ibrahim;Tahboub, Haya;Alser, Osaid H.;Romani, Diego;Shu, Sebestian;Major, Piotr;Mironescu, Aurel;Bratu, Matei;Kourdouli, Amar;Ndajiwo, Aliyu;Altwijri, Abdulaziz;Alsaggaf, Mohammed Ubaid;Gudal, Ahmad;Jubran, Al Faifi;Seisay, Sam;Lieske, Bettina;Rayne, Sarah;Spence, Richard;Ortega, Irene;Jeyakumar, Jenifa;Senanayake, Kithsiri J.;Abdulbagi, Omar;Cengiz, Yucel;Raptis, Dmitri;Altinel, Yuksel;Kong, Chia;Teasdale, Ella;Irwin, Gareth;Stoddart, Michael;Kabariti, Rakan;Suresh, Sukrit;Gash, Katherine;Narayanan, Ragavan;Maimbo, Mayaba;Fermani, Claudio;Balmaceda, Ruben;Modolo, Maria Marta;Macdermid, Ewan;Gobin, Neel;Chenn, Roxanne;Yong, Cheryl Ou;Edye, Michael;Jarmin, Martin;D'amours, Scott K;Iyer, Dushyant;Youssef, Daniel;Phillips, Nicholas;Brown, Jason;George, Robert;Koh, Cherry;Warren, Oliver;Hanley, Isaac;Dickfos, Marilla;Nawara, Clemens;Öfner, Dietmar;Primavesi, Florian;Mitul, Ashrarur Rahman;Mahmud, Khalid;Hussain, Margub;Hakim, Hafiz;Kumar, Tapan;Oosterkamp, Antje;Assouto, Pamphile A;Lawani, Ismail;Souaibou, Yacoubou Imorou;Tun, Aung Kyaw;Chong, Chean Leung;Devadasar, Giridhar H;Chong, Chean Leung;Qadir, Muhammad Rashid Minhas;Aung, Kyaw 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V.;Reddy, Yella;Venugopal, Caranj;Kumar, Sunil;Mittal, Abhishek;Nadkarni, Shravan;Lakshmi, Harish Neelamraju;Malik, Puneet;Limaye, Neel;Pai, Srinivas;Jain, Pratik;Khajanchi, Monty;Satoskar, Savni;Satoskar, Rajeev;Mahamood, Abid Bin;Sutanto, Eldaa Prisca Refianti;Soeselo, Daniel Ardian;Tedjaatmadja, Chintya;Rahmawati, Fitriana Nur;Amandito, Radhian;Mayasari, Maria;Al‐Hameedi, Hasan Ismael Ibraheem;Ibraheem, Hasan Ismael;Al‐Azraqi, Israa Abdullah Aziz;Sabeeh, Lubna;Kamil, Rahma;Shawki, Marwan;Telfah, Muwaffaq Mezeil;Rasendran, Amoudtha;Sheehan, Jacqueline;Kerley, Robert;Normile, Caoimhe;Gilbert, Richard William;Song, Jiheon;Dablouk, Mohamed;Mauro, Linnea;Dablouk, Mohammed Osman;Hanrahan, Michael;Kielty, Paul;Marks, Eleanor;Gosling, Simon;Mccarthy, Michelle;Rasendran, Amoudtha;Mirghani, Diya;Naqvi, Syed Altaf;Wong, Chee Siong;Chung, Siyi;D'cruz, Reuban;Cahill, Ronan;Gosling, Simon George;Mccarthy, Michelle;Rasendran, Amoudtha;Fahy, Ciara;Song, Jiheon;Hanrahan, Michael;Cadogan, Diana Duarte;Powell, Anna;Gilbert, Richard;Clifford, Caroline;Normile, Caoimhe;Driscoll, Aoife;Paul, Stassen;Lee, Chris;Bowe, Ross;Hutch, William;Hanrahan, Michael;Mohan, Helen;O'neill, Maeve;Mealy, Kenneth;P. Danelli;A. Bondurri;A. Maffioli^{Membro del Collaboration Group};Pasini, Mario;Pata, Giacomo;Roncali, Stefano;Silvani, Paolo;Carlucci, Michele;Faccincani, Roberto;Bonavina, Luigi;Macchitella, Yuri;Ceriani, Chiara;Tugnoli, Gregorio;Di Saverio, Salomone;Khattab, Khaled;Paludi, Miguel Angel;Pata, Domenica;Cloro, Luigi Maria;Allegri, Andrea;Ansaloni, Luca;Coccolini, Federico;Veronese, Ezio;Bortolasi, Luca;Hasheminia, Alireza;Nastri, Giacomo;Canto, Massimiliano Dal;Cucumazzo, Stefano;Pata, Francesco;Benevento, Angelo;Tessera, Gaetano;Grandinetti, Pier Paolo;Maniscalco, Alessio;Lamanna, Giovanni Luca;Turati, Luca;Sgroi, Giovanni;Rausa, Emanuele;Villa, Roberta;Monteleone, Michela;Merlini, David;Coccolini, Federico;Ansaloni, Luca;Allegri, Andrea;Grassi, Veronica;Cirocchi, Roberto;Cacurri, Alban;Waleed, Hamza;Diab, Ahmed;Elzowawi, Fathi;Jokubauskas, Mantas;Varkalys, Karolis;Venskutonis, Donatas;Pranevicius, Robertas;Ambrozeviciute, Viktorija;Juciute, Simona;Skardžiukaitė, Austė;Venskutonis, Donatas;Bradulskis, 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Linn;Elsiddig, Mohammed;Dar, Manzoor;Bhopal, Kamran Faisal;Iftikhar, Zainab;Furqan, Muhammad Mohsin;Nighat, Bakhtiar;Jawaid, Masood;Khalique, Abdul;Zil‐E‐Ali, Ahsan;Rashid, Anam;Dharamshi, Hasnain Abbas;Naqvi, Tahira;Faraz, Ahmad;Anwar, Abdul Wahid;Yaseen, Tahir Muhammad;Shamsi, Ghina Shamim;Shamsi, Ghina;Yaseen, Tahir;Anwer, Wahid;Decoud, Horacio Paredes;Aguilera, Omar;Alvarez, Ismael Isaac Zelada;Delgado, Juan Marcelo;Vega, Gustavo Miguel Machain;Lohse, Helmut Alfredo Segovia;Aguilar, Wendy Leslie Messa;Chiong, Jose Antonio Cabala;Bautista, Ana Cecilia Manchego;Huaman, Eduardo;Zegarra, Sergio;Camacho, Rony;Celis, Jose María Vergara;Pozo, Diego Alonso Romani;Hamasaki, José;Temoche, Edilberto;Herrera‐Matta, Jaime;Torres, Carla Pierina García;Barreda, Luis Miguel Alvarez;Ojeda, Ronald Renato Barrionuevo;Garaycochea, Octavio;Mollo, Melanie Castro;Fujii, Francisco;Bautista, Ana Cecilia Manchego;Aguilar, Wendy Leslie Messa;Chiong, Jose Antonio Cabala;Durand, Susana Yrma Aranzabal;Basto, Carlos Alejandro Arroyo;Rojas, Nelson Manuel Urbina;Yip, Sebastian Bernardo Shu;Vergara, Ana Lucia Contreras;Moran, Andrea Echevarria Rosas;Luque, Giuliano Borda;Castro, Manuel Rodriguez;Jaramillo, Ramon Alvarado;Sila, George Manrique;Lopez, Crislee Elizabeth;De Leon, Mardelangel Zapata Ponze;Machaca, Massiell;Huaraya, Ronald Coasaca;Arenas, Andy;López, Crislee;Puma, Clara Milagros Herrera;Pino, Wilfredo;Hinojosa, Christian;De Leon, Melanie Zapata Ponze;Limache, Susan;Sila, George Manrrique;Rodriguez, Layza‐Alejandra Mercado;Melo, Renato;Costa‐Maia, Jose;Muralha, Nuno;Sauvat, Frederique;Dan, Ionasc;Hogea, Mircea;Eduard, Pandi;Bratu, Razvan‐Matei;Beuran, Mircea;Diaconescu, Ionut‐Bogdan;Martian, Bogdan‐Valeriu;Iordache, Florin‐Mihail;Vartic, Mihaela;Vida, Lucian Corneliu;Muntean, Liviu Iuliu;Mironescu, Aurel Sandu;Nsengimana, Vizir Jean Paul;Niragire, Alice;Ingabire, Jean De La Croix Allen;Niyirera, Eugene;Zanini, Nicola;Jovine, Elio;Landolfo, Giovanni;Alomar, Ibrahim N.;Alnuqaydan, Saleh A.;Altwigry, Abdulrahman M.;Othman, Moayad;Osman, Nohad;Alqahtani, Enas;Alzahrani, Mohammed;Alyami, Rifan;Aljohani, Emad;Alhabli, Ibrahim;Mikwar, Zaher;Almuallem, Sultan;Aljohani, Emad;Alyami, Rifan;Alzahrani, Mohammed;Nawawi, Abrar;Bakhaidar, Mohamad;Maghrabi, Ashraf A.;Alsaggaf, Mohammed;Aljiffry, Murad;Altaf, Abdulmalik;Khoja, Ahmad;Habeebullah, Alaa;Akeel, Nouf;Ghandora, Nashat;Almoflihi, Abdullah;Huwait, Abdulmalik;Al‐shammari, Abeer;Al‐Mousa, Mashael;Alghamdi, Masood;Adham, Walid;Albeladi, Bandar;Alfarsi, Muayad Ahmed;Mahdi, Atif;Al Awwad, Saad;Altamimi, Afnan;Nouh, Thamer;Hassanain, Mazen;Aldhafeeri, Salman;Sadig, Nawal;Algohary, Osama;Aledrisy, Mohannad;Gudal, Ahmad;Alrifaie, Ahmad;AlRowais, Mohammed;Althwainy, Amani;Shabkah, Alaa;Alamoudi, Uthman;Alrajraji, Mawaddah;Alghamdi, Basim;Aljohani, Saud;Daqeeq, Abdullah;Al‐Faifi, Jubran J;Jennings, Vicky;Ngayu, Nyawira;Moore, Rachel;Kong, Victor;Kretzmann, Hayden;Connor, Katie;Nel, Daniel;Sampson, Colleen;Spence, Richard;Panieri, Eugenio;Rayne, Sarah;Sishuba, Nosisa;Tun, Myint;Mphatsoe, Albert Mohale;Carreira, Jo‐Anne;Teasdale, Ella;Wagener, Mark;Botes, Stefan;Du Plessis, Danelo;Fernandez‐Bueno, Fernando;Aguilar‐Jimenez, Jose;Garcia‐Marin, Jose Andres;García, Lorena Solar;Florez, Luis Joaquín García;Pacheco, Rubén Darío Arias;Pagnozzi, Janet;Quezada, Jimy Harold Jara;Rodicio, Jose Luis;Minguez, German;Rodríguez‐Uría, Raquel;Ugalde, Paul;Lopez‐Arevalo, Camilo;Barneo, Luis;Stuva, Jessica Patricia Gonzales;Ortega‐Vazquez, Irene;Rodriguez, Lorena;Herrera, Norberto;Arachchi, Prasad Pitigala;Senanayake, Wanigasekara;Sivaganesh, Sivasuriya;Samaraweera, Dulan Irusha;Thanusan, Vimalakanthan;Musa, Ahmed Elgaili Khalid;Balila, Reem Mohammed Hassan;Mohamed, Mohamed Awad Elkarim Hamad;Ali, Hussein;Elabdin, Hagir Zain;Hassan, Alaa;Mahdi, Sefeldin;Ahmed, Hala;Idris, Sahar Abdoun Ishag;Elsayed, Makki;Elsayed, Mohammed;Mahmoud, Mohamed;Boijsen, Magnus;Lundgren, Per‐Olof;Gustafsson, Ulf;Kiasat, Ali;Wogensen, Fredrik;Wogensen, Fredrik;Jurdell, Emma;Thorell, Anders;Thorarinsdottir, Hildur;Utter, Maria;Sundstrom, Sami Martin;Wredberg, Cecilia;Kjellin, Ann;Nyberg, Johanna;Frisk, Bjorn;Sund, Malin;Andersson, Linda;Gunnarsson, Ulf;Cengiz, Yücel;Ahlqvist, Sandra;Björklund, Ida;Royson, Hanna;Weber, Per;Pahlsson, Hans‐Ivar;Borin, Eva;Hjertberg, Maria;Royson, Hanna;Weber, Per;Schmid, Roger;Schivo, Debora;Despotidis, Vasileios;Breitenstein, Stefan;Staerkle, Ralph F;Schadde, Erik;Deichsel, Fabian;Gerosa, Alexandra;Nocito, Antonio;Raptis, Dimitri Aristotle;Mijuskovic, Barbara;Zuber, Markus;Eisner, Lukas;Kruspi, Swantje;Reinisch, Katharina Beate;Schoewe, Christin;Novak, Allan;Palma, Adrian F.;Teufelberger, Gerfried;Kimaro, Msafiri;King, Rachel;Balkan, Ali Zeynel Abidin;Gumar, Mehmet;Yavuz, Mehmet Ali;Karabacak, Ufuk;Lap, Gokhan;Ozkan, Bahar Busra;Ozkan, Bahar Busra;Karakahya, Murat;Adams, Ryan;Morton, Robert;Henderson, Liam;Gratton, Ruth;Clement, Keiran David;Chang, Kate Yu‐Ching;Mcnish, David;Mcintosh, Ryan;Milligan, William;Skelly, Brendan;Anderson‐Knight, Hannah;Lawther, Roger;Onimowo, Jemina;Shatkar, Veereanna;Tharmalingam, Shivanee;Woin, Evelina;Fautz, Tessa;Ziff, Oliver;Dindyal, Shiva;Arman, Sam;Talukder, Shagorika;Arman, Sam;Gadhvi, Vijay;Talukder, Shagorika;Chew, Luen Shaun;Heath, Jonathan;Blencowe, Natalie;Hallam, Sally;Gash, Katherine;Mannu, Gurdeep Singh;Zachariades, Dimitris‐Christos;Snaith, Ailsa Claire;Hettiarachchi, Thusitha Sampath;Nesaratnam, Arjun;Wheeler, James;McCullagh, Darragh;Clements, Joshua Michael;Khan, Ata;Koumpa, Foteini;Neophytou, Christina;Roth, Jessica;Soon, Wai Cheong;Deputy, Mohammed;Ahmed, Ahmed;Ashton, Annelisse;Vincent, Joe;Almy, Jack;Khan, Taufiq;Allen, John Lee Y;Mcintyre, Charlotte Jane;Marshall, Dominic Charles;Sykes, Mark;Behar, Nebil;Jordan, Harriet;Rajjoub, Yaseen;Sherman, Thomas;White, Timothy;Watts, Anna;Ardley, Rohan;Arulampalam, Tan;Shah, Apar;Brown, Damien;Blower, Emma;Sutton, Paul;Gasteratos, Konstantinos;Vimalachandran, Dale;Magee, Cathy;Irwin, Gareth;Mcguigan, Andrew;Mcaleer, Stephen;Morgan, Clare;Braungart, Sarah;Lafferty, Kirsten;Labib, Peter;Tanase, Andrei;Mangan, Clodagh;Reza, Lillian;Reza, Lillian;Tanase, Andrei;Mangan, Clodagh;Woodward, Helen;Gouldthorpe, Craig;Turner, Megan;Wild, Jonathan R L;Malik, Tom AM;Proctor, Victoria K;Hewage, Kalon;Davies, James;Dubois, Andre;Sarwary, Sayed;Zardab, Ali;Grant, Alan;Mcintyre, Robert;Mogan, Yogendra Praveen;Ho, Weiguang;Chong, Bryon Frankie Hon Khi;Tewari, Shirish;Humm, Gemma;Farinella, Eriberto;Hall, Nigel J;Wright, Naomi J;Major, Christina P;Xerri, Thelma;De Bono, Phoebe;Amin, Jasim;Farhad, Mustafa;Camilleri‐Brennan, John F.;Robertson, Andrew G N;Xerri, Thelma;Swann, Joanna;Richards, James;Amin, Jasim;Jabbar, Aijaz;De Bono, Phoebe;Attard, Myranda;Burns, Hannah;Macdonald, Euan;Baldacchino, Matthew;Skehan, Jennifer;Camilleri‐Brennan, Julian;Hall, Tom Falconer;Gimzewska, Madelaine;Mclachlan, Greta;Shah, Jamie;Giles, James;Chiu, Selina;Weber, Beatrix;Chiu, Selina Man Yeng;Highcock, Saskia;Hassan, Maleeha;Beasley, William;Vlachogiorgos, Apostolos;Dias, Stephen;Maharaj, Geta;Mcdonald, Rosie;Macdonald, Alisdair;Witherspoon, Paul;Baird, Alan;Sarmah, Panchali;Green, Nikki;Youssef, Haney;Cross, Kate;Rees, Clare M;Van Duren, Bernard;Upchurch, Emma;Khan, Khurram;Abudeeb, Haytham;Hammad, Ahmed;Karandikar, Sharad;Bowley, Doug;Karim, Ahmed;Chachulski, Witold;Richardson, Liam;Dawnay, Giles;Thompson, Ben;Mistry, Ajayesh;Bhangu, Aneel;Ghetia, Millika;Roy, Sudipta;Al‐Obaedi, Ossama;Ghetia, Millika;Das, Kaustuv;Prabhudesai, Ash;Cocker, DM;Tan, Jessica Juliana;Tyler, Robert;Di Franco, Filippo;Ayyar, Shruti;Vivekanantham, Sayinthen;Gokani, Shyam;Gillespie, Michael;Gudlaugsdottir, Katrin;Pezas, Theodore;Currow, Chelise;Kim, Matthew Young‐Han;Birring, Amerdip;Edwards, Joanne;Ali, Ased;Das, Suparna;Jha, Madan;Atkinson, Kieran;Luck, Joshua;Fozard, Thomas;Puttick, Michael;Salama, Yahya;Shah, Rohi;Ibrahem, Ahmad Aboelkassem;Ebdewi, Hamdi;Gravante, Gianpiero;El‐Rabaa, Saleem;Nnajiuba, Henry;Allott, Rebecca;Bhargava, Aman;Chan, Zoe;Hassan, Zaffar;Makinde, Misty;Hemingway, David;Dean, Ramzana;Boddy, Alexander;Aber, Ahmed;Patel, Vijay;Parakh, Jehangirshaw;Parthiban, Sunil;Ubhi, Harmony Kaur;Hosein, Simon‐Peter;Ward, Simon;Malik, Kamran;Jennings, Leifa;Newton, Tom;Alkhouri, Mirna;Kang, Min Kyu;Houlden, Christopher;Barry, Jonathan;Raza, Imtanan;Farquharson, Alistair;Bhattacharya, Sanjeet;Milligan, William;Chang, Kate;Henderson, Liam;Wilson, Michael S J;Neo, Yan Ning;Ibrahim, Ibrahim;Chan, Emily;Peck, Fraser S;Lim, Pei J;North, Alexander S;Blundell, Rebecca;Williamson, Adam;Fouad, Dina;Minocha, Ashish;Mccarthy, Kathryn;Court, Emma;Chambers, Alice;Yee, Jenna;Tham, Ji Chung;Beaton, Ceri;Walsh, Una;Lockey, Joseph;Bokhari, Salman;Howells, Lara;Griffiths, Megan;Yallop, Laura;Singh, Shailinder;Nasher, Omar;Jackson, Paul;Puttick, Michael;Luck, Joshua;Fozard, Thomas;Shariffuddin, Abdul Muiz;Ho, Weng Chee;Wilson, Michael Sj;Pabla, Gurpreet;Ramzi, Saed;Zeidan, Shady;Doughty, Jennifer;Sinha, Sidhartha;Davenport, Ross;Lewis, Jason;Duffy, Leo;Mcaleer, Elizabeth;Williams, Eleanor;Som, Robin;Javed, Omar;Boal, Matthew;Harrison, Nicola;Tafazal, Habib;Javed, Omar;Brogden, Tom;Nepogodiev, Dmitri;Griffiths, Ewen;Obute, Rhalumi Daniel;Glover, Thomas E;Clark, David J;Boshnaq, Mohamed;Akhtar, Mansoor;Capleton, Pascale;Doughan, Samer;Rabie, Mohamed;Mohamed, Ismail;Samuel, Duncan;Dickson, Lauren;Kennedy, Matthew;Dempster, Eleanor;Brown, Emma;Maple, Natalie;Monaghan, Eimear;Wolf, Bernhard;Garland, Alicia;Mcphee, Arthur;Anderson, David;Anderson, Robert;Hassan, Sarah;Sutton, Paul;Smith, Dave;Lund, Jonathan;Boereboom, Catherine;Murphy, Jennifer;Tierney, Gillian;Tou, Samson;Zimmermann, Eleanor Franziska;Smart, Neil James;Warwick, Andrea Marie;Stasinou, Theodora;Daniels, Ian;Findlay‐Cooper, Kim;Mitrasinovic, Stefan;Ray, Swayamjyoti;Varcada, Massimo;D'Souza, Rovan;Omara, Sharif;Spurr, Matthew;Parkinson, Lucienne;Hanks, Anthony;Ma, Jennifer;Abington, Emily;Ramcharn, Meera;Williams, Gethin;Winstanley, Joseph;Kennedy, Ewan D.;Yeung, Emily NW;Fergusson, Stuart J;Jones, Catrin;O'neill, Stephen;Lim, Shujing Jane;Liew, Ignatius;Nair, Hari;Fairfield, Cameron;Oh, Julia;Koh, Samantha;Wilson, Andrew;Fairfield, Catherine;Anandkumar, Delran;Kirupagaran, Ashok;Jones, Timothy F;Torrance, Hew Dt;Fowler, Alexander J;Chandrakumar, Charmilie;Patel, Priyank;Ashraf, Syed Faaz;Lakhani, Sonam M.;Mclean, Aaron Lawson;Basson, Sonia;Batt, Jeremy;Bowman, Catriona;Stoddart, Michael;Benons, Natasha;Mason, Clare;Harrison, Rebecca;Quayle, John;Barker, Tom;Summerour, Virginia;Harper, Edward;Smith, Caroline;Hampton, Matthew;Pitt, Sophie K;Ward, Alex E;O'Connor, Timothy;Heywood, Emily G;Drake, Thomas M;Chowdhury, Abeed;Hossaini, Sina;Watson, Nicholas Fs;Mckechnie, Doug;Farah, Ayaan;Chun, Anita;Koh, Hoey;Lim, Grace;Sunderland, Graham;Gould, Laura;Chambers, Alice;Munipalle, P C;Rooney, H;Browning, D R L;Pereira, Bernadette;Nemeth, Kristof;Decker, Emily;Giuliani, Stefano;Shalaby, Aly;Shaikh, Shafaque;Tan, Chern Yan;Palkhi, Ebrahim Y A;Szczap, Aleksandra;Chidambaram, Swathikan;Chen, Chee Yang;Kulasabanathan, Kavian;Chhabra, Srishti;Kostov, Elisabeth;Harbord, Philippe;Barnacle, James;Palliyil, Madan Mohan;Zikry, Mina;Porter, Johnathan;Raslan, Charef;Saeed, Mohammed;Hafiz, Shazia;Soltani, Niksa;Baillie, Katie;Singh, Priyanka;Sheth, Shailee;Patel, Kishen;Khalili, Mahry;Choi, Jeesoo;Benger, Matthew;Marples, Lucy;Macfarlane, Alastair;Thurairaja, Ramesh;Boyce, Tamsin;Whewell, Harriet;Jones, Elin;Th'ng, Francesca;Robertson, Nichola;Mirza, Ahmad;Saeed, Haroon;Galloway, Simon;Elena, Gia;Afzal, Mohammad;Zakir, Mohamed;Sodde, Peter;Hand, Charles;Sriram, Aiesha;Clark, Tamsyn;Holton, Patrick;Livesey, Amy;Sinha, Yashashwi;Iqbal, Fahad Mujtaba;Bharj, Indervir Singh;Rotundo, Adriana;Jenvey, Cara;Slade, Robert;Golding, David;Haines, Samuel;Ne'ma Abdullah, Ali Adel;Tilston, Thomas W;Loughran, Dafydd;Donoghue, Danielle;Giacci, Lorenzo;Sherif, Mohamed Ashur;Harrison, Peter;Tang, Alethea;Kotecha, Deevia;Elshaer, Mohamed;Urbonas, Tomas;Riaz, Amjid;Chapman, Annie;Acharya, Parisha;Shalhoub, Joseph;Grossart, Cathleen;McMorran, David;Mlotshwa, Makhosini;Hawkins, William;Loizides, Sofronis;Krishna, Kandaswamy;Orchard, Melanie;Ho, Chik Wai;Thomson, Peter;Khan, Shahab;Taylor, Fiona;Shukla, Jalak;Howie, Emma Elizabeth;Macdonald, Linda;Komolafe, Olusegun;Mcintyre, Neil;Cragg, James;Parker, Jody;Stewart, Duncan;Lintin, Luke;Tracy, Julia;Farooq, Tahir;Molina, George;Kaafarani, Haytham;Luque, Laura;Beyene, Robel;Sava, Jack;Scott, Mark;Swaroop, Mamta;Kennedy, Raelene;Azodo, Ijeoma A;Heffernan, Daithi;Chun, Tristen;Stephen, Andrew;Sion, Melanie;Weinstein, Michael S.;Punja, Viren;Bugaev, Nikolay;Goodstein, Monica;Razmdjou, Shadi;Etchill, Eric;Puyana, Juan Carlos;Kesinger, Matthew;Napolitano, Lena;To, Kathleen;Hemmila, Mark;Todd, Oliver;Jenner, Edward;Hoogakker, Ellen;Grizhja, Besmir;Ymeri, Shpetim;Galiqi, Gezim;Klappenbach, Roberto;Antezana, Diego;Beleño, Alvaro Enrique Mendoza;Costa, Cecilia;Sanchez, Belen;Aviles, Susan;Modolo, Maria Marta;Fermani, Claudio Gabriel;Balmaceda, Rubén;Villalobos, Santiago;Carmona, Juan Manuel;Hamill, Daniel;Deutschmann, Peter;Sandler, Simone;Cox, Daniel;Nataraja, Ram;Sharpin, Claire;Ljuhar, Damir;Gray, Demi;Haines, Morgan;Iyer, Dush;Niranjan, Nithya;D'Amours, Scott;Ashtari, Morvarid;Franco, Helena;Mitul, Ashrarur Rahman;Karim, Sabbir;Aman, Nowrin F.;Estee, Mahnuma Mahfuz;Salma, Umme;Razzaque, Joyeta;Kanta, Tasnia Hamid;Tori, Sayeeda Aktar;Alamin, Shadid;Roy, Swapnil;Al Amin, Shadid;Karim, Rezaul;Haque, Muhtarima;Faruq, Amreen;Iftekhar, Farhana;O'Shea, Margaret;Padmore, Greg;Jonnalagadda, Ramesh;Litvin, Andrey;Filatau, Aliaksandr;Paulouski, Dzmitry;Shubianok, Maryna;Shachykava, Tatsiana;Khokha, Dzianis;Khokha, Vladimir;Djivoh, Fernande;Ismaïl, Lawani;Dossou, Francis;Seto, Djifid Morel;Gbessi, Dansou Gaspard;Noukpozounkou, Bruno;Souaibou, Yacoubou Imorou;Keke, Kpèmahouton René;Hodonou, Fred;Ahounou, Ernest Yemalin Stephane;Alihonou, Thierry;Dénakpo, Max;Ahlonsou, Germain;Bedada, Alemayehu Ginbo;Nsengiyumva, Carlos;Kwizera, Sandrine;Barendegere, Venerand;Choi, Philip;Stock, Simon;Jamal, Luai;Firdouse, Mohammed;Zani, Augusto;Azzie, Georges;Kushwaha, Sameer;Agarwal, Arnav;Chen, Tzu‐Ling;Yip, Chingwan;Montes, Irene;Zapata, Felipe;Sierra, Sebastian;Lanau, Maria Isabel Villegas;Arango, Maria Clara Mendoza;Restrepo, Ivan Mendoza;Sierra, Sebastian;Giraldo, Ruben Santiago Restrepo;Arango, Maria Clara Mendoza;Domini, Edgar;Karlo, Robert;Mihanovic, Jakov;Youssef, Mohamed;Elfeki, Hossam;Thabet, Waleed;Sanad, Aly;Tawfik, Gehad;Zaki, Ahmed;Abdel‐Hameed, Noran;Mostafa, Mohamed;Omar, Muhammad Fathi Waleed;Ghanem, Ahmed;Abdallah, Emad;Denewar, Adel;Emara, Eman;Rashad, Eman;Sakr, Ahmad;Elashry, Rehab;Emile, Sameh;Khafagy, Toqa;Elhamouly, Sara;Elfarargy, Arwa;Mohamed, Amna Mamdouh;Nagy, Ghada Saied;Esam, Abeer;Elwy, Eman;Hammad, Aya;Khallaf, Salwa;Ibrahim, Eman;Saidbadr, Ahmed;Moustafa, Ahmed;Mohammed, Amany Eldosouky;Elgheriany, Mohammed;Abdelmageed, Eman;Al Raouf, Eman Abd;Elbanby, Esraa Samir;Elmasry, Maha;Farahat, Mahitab Morsy;Mansor, Eman Yahya;Hegazy, Eman Magdy;Gamal, Esraa;Gamal, Heba;Kandil, Hend;Abdelrouf, Doaa Maher;Moaty, Mohamed;Gamal, Dina;El‐Sagheer, Nada;Salah, Mohamed;Magdy, Salma;Salah, Asmaa;Essam, Ahmed;Ali, Ahmed;Badawy, Mahmoud;Ahmed, Sara;Mohamed, Mazed;Assal, Abdelrahman;Sleem, Mohamed;Ebidy, Mai;Elrazek, Aly Abd;Zahran, Diaaaldin;Adam, Nourhan;Nazir, Mohamed;Hassanein, Adel B;Ismail, Ahmed;Elsawy, Amira;Mamdouh, Rana;Mabrouk, Mohamed;Ahmed, Lopna Ahmed Mohamed;Alnaby, Mohamed Hassab;Magdy, Eman;Abd‐Elmawla, Manar;Fahim, Marwan;Mowafy, Bassant;Mahmoud, Moustafa Ibrahim;Allam, Meran;Alkelani, Muhammad;El Gendy, Noran Halim;Aboul‐Naga, Mariam Saad;El‐Din, Reham Alaa;Elgendy, Alyaa Halim;Ismail, Mohamed;Shalaby, Mahmoud;Elsharkawy, Aya Adel;Moghazy, Mahmoud Elsayed;Elbisomy, Khaled Hesham;Shakshouk, Hend Adel Gawad;Hamed, Mohamed Fouad;Ebidy, Mai Mohamed;Abdelkader, Mostafa;Karkeet, Mohamed;Ahmed, Hayam;Adel, Israa;Omar, Mohammad Elsayed;Ibrahim, Mohamed;Ghoneim, Omar;Hesham, Omar;Gamal, Shimaa;Hilal, Karim;Arafa, Omar;Awad, Sawsan Adel;Salem, Menatalla;Elsherif, Fawzia Abdellatif;Elsabbagh, Nourhan;Aboelsoud, Moustafa R.;Rida, Ahmed Hossam Eldin Fouad;Hossameldin, Amr;Hany, Ethar;Asar, Yomna Hosny;Anwar, Nourhan;Gadelkarim, Mohamed;Abdelhady, Samar;Morshedy, Eman Mohamed;Saad, Reham;Soliman, Nourhan;Salama, Mahmoud;Ezzat, Eslam;Mohamed, Arwa;Ibrahim, Arwa;Fergany, Alaa;Mohammed, Sara;Reda, Aya;Allam, Yomna;Saad, Hanan Adel;Abdelfatah, Afnan;Fathy, Aya Mohamed;El‐Sehily, Ahmed;Kasem, Esraa Abdalmageed;Hassan, Ahmed Tarek Abdelbaset;Mohammed, Ahmed Rabeih;Saad, Abdalla Gamal;Elfouly, Yasmin;Elfouly, Nesma;Ibrahim, Arij;Hassaan, Amr;Mohammed, Mohammed Mustafa;Elhoseny, Ghada;Magdy, Mohamed;Elkhalek, Esraa Abd;Zakaria, Yehia;Ezzat, Tarek;El Dahab, Ali Abo;Kelany, Mohamed;Arafa, Sara;Hassan, Osama Mokhtar Mohamed;Badwi, Nermin Mohamed;Sleem, Ahmad Saber;Ahmed, Hussien;Abdelbadeai, Kholoud;Abdullah, Mohamed Abozed;Lokman, Muhammad Amsyar Auni;Bahar, Suraya;Abdelazeam, Anan Rady;Adelshone, Abdelrahman;Hasnan, Muhammad Bin;Zulkifli, Athirah;Kamarulzamil, Siti Nur Alia;Elhendawy, Abdelaziz;Latif, Aliang;Adnan, Ahmad Bin;Shaharuddin, Shahadatul;Majid, Aminah Hanum Haji Abdul;Amreia, Mahmoud;Al‐Marakby, Dina;Salma, Mahmoud;Ismail, Mohamad Jeffrey Bin;Basir, Elissa Rifhan Mohd;Ali, Citra Dewi Mohd;Ata, Aya Yehia;Nasr, Maha;Rezq, Asmaa;Sheta, Ahmed;Tariq, Sherif;Sallam, Abd Elkhalek;Darwish, Abdelrhman KZ;Elmihy, Sohaila;Elhadry, Shady;Farag, Ahmed;Hajeh, Haidar;Abdelaal, Abdelaziz;Aglan, Amro;Zohair, Ahmed;Essam, Mahitab;Moussa, Omar;El‐Gizawy, Esraa;Samy, Mostafa;Ali, Safia;Elhalawany, Esraa;Ata, Ahmed;El Halawany, Mohamed;Nashat, Mohamed;Soliman, Samar;Elazab, Alaa;Samy, Mostada;Abdelaziz, Mohamed A;Ibrahim, Khaled;Ibrahim, Ahmed mohamed;Gado, Ammar;Hantour, Usama;Eldeen, Esraa Alm;loaloa, Mohamed Reda;Abouzaid, Arwa;Eldin, Mostafa Ahmed Bahaa;Hashad, Eman;Sroor, Fathy;Gamil, Doaa;Abdulhakeem, Eman Mahmoud;Zakaria, Mahmoud;Mohamed, Fawzy;Abubakr, Marwan;Ali, Elsayed;Magdy, Hesham;Ramadan, Menna Tallah;Mohamed, Mohamed Abdelaty;Mansour, Salma;Amin, Hager Abdul Aziz;Mohamed, Ahmed Rabie;Saami, Mahmoud;Elsayed, Nada Ahmed Reda;Tarek, Adham;Mahmoud, Sabry Mohy Eldeen;El Sayed, Islam Magdy;Reda, Amira;Shawky, Martina Yusuf;Salem, Mohammed Mousa;El‐Din, Shahinaz Alaa;Soliman, Noha Abdullah;Talaat, Muhammed;Alaael‐Dein, Shahinaz;Elhusseiny, Ahmed Abd Elmoen;Abdullah, Noha;Elshaar, Mohammed;Ibraheem, Aya AbdelFatah;Abdulaziz, Hager;Ismail, Mohammed Kamal;Madkor, Mona Hamdy;Abdelaty, Mohamed;Abdel‐Kader, Sara Mahmoud;Salah, Osama Mohamed;Eldafrawy, Mahmoud;Eldeeb, Ahmed Zaki;Eid, Mostafa Mahmoud;Attia, Attia;El‐Dien, Khalid Salah;Shwky, Ayman;Badenjki, Mohamed Adel;Soliman, Abdelrahman;Al Attar, Samaa Mahmoud;Sayed, Farrag;Sabour, Fahd Abdel;Azizeldine, Mohammed G.;Shawqi, Muhammad;Hashim, Abdullah;Aamer, Ahmed;Abdelraouf, Ahmed Mahmoud;Abdelshakour, Mahmoud;Ibrahim, Amal;Mahmoud, Basma;Mahmoud, Mohamed Ali;Qenawy, Mostafa;Rashed, Ahmed M.;Dahy, Ahmed;Sayed, Marwa;Shamsedine, Ahmed W.;Mohamed, Bakeer;Hasan, Ahmad;Saad, Mahmoud M.;Bassit, Khalil Abdul;El‐Latif, Nadia Khalid Abd;Elzahed, Nada;El Kashash, Ahmed;Bekhet, Nada Mohamed;Hafez, Sarah;Gad, Ahmed;Maher, Mahmoud Elkhadragy;Elsameea, Ahmed Abd;Hafez, Mohamed;Sabe, Ahmad;Ahmed, Ataa;Shahine, Ahmed;Dawood, Khaled;Gaafar, Shireen;Husseiny, Reem;Aboelmagd, Omnia;Soliman, Ahmed;Mesbah, Nourhan;Emadeldin, Hossam;Al Meligy, Amgad;Bekhet, Amira Hassan;Hasan, Doaa;Alhady, Khaled;Sabe, Ahmad Khaled;Elnajjar, Mahmoud A.;Aboelella, Majed;Hamsho, Ward;Hassan, Ihab;Saad, Hala;Abdelazim, Galaleldin;Mahmoud, Hend;Wael, Noha;Kandil, Ahmedali M;Magdy, Ahmed;Elkholy, Shimaa Said;Adel, Badr Eldin;Dabbour, Kareem;Elsherbiney, Saged;Mattar, Omar;Abdrabou, Abdulshafi Khaled;Aly, Mohammed Yahia Mohamed;Geuoshy, Abdelrahman;Elnagar, Ahmedglal;Ahmed, Saraibrahim;Abdelmotaleb, Ibrahem;Saleh, Amr Ahmed;Saeed, Manar;Mahmoud, Shady;Tawfik, Badreldin Adel;Ismail, Samar Adel;Zakaria, Esraay;Gad, Mariam O.;Elhelbawy, Mohamed Salah;Bassem, Monica;Maraie, Noha;Elhadary, Nourhan Medhat;Semeda, Nourhan;Mohamed, Shaza Rabie;Bakry, Hesham Mohammed;Essam, AA;Tarek, Dina;Ashour, Khlood;Elhadad, Alaa;Abdel‐Aty, Abdulrahman;Rakha, Ibrahim;Matter, Sara Mamdouh;Abdelhamed, Rasha;Abdelkader, Omar;Hassaan, Ayat;Soliman, Yasmin;Mohamed, Amna;Ghanem, Sara;Farouk, Sara Amr Mohamed;Ibrahim, Eman Mohamed;El‐Taher, Esraa;Mostafa, Merna;Badr, Mohamed Fawzy Mahrous;Elsemelawy, Rofida;El‐Sawy, Aya;Bakr, Ahmad;Al Rafati, Ahmad Abdel Razaq;Saar, Sten;Reinsoo, Arvo;Talving, Peep;Seyoum, Nebyou;Worku, Tewodros;Fitsum, Agazi;Tolonen, Matti;Leppäniemi, Ari;Sallinen, Ville;Parmentier, Benoît;Peycelon, Matthieu;Irtan, Sabine;Dardenne, Sabrina;Robert, Elsa;Maillot, Betty;Courboin, Etienne;Arnaud, Alexis Pierre;Hascoet, Juliette;Abbo, Olivier;Kaci, Amir Ait;Prudhomme, Thomas;Ballouhey, Quentin;Grosos, Céline;Fourcade, Laurent;Cecilia, Tolg;Jean‐Francois, Colombani;Helene, Francois‐Coridon;Delforge, Xavier;Haraux, Elodie;Dousset, Bertrand;Schiavone, Roberto;Gaujoux, Sebastien;Marret, Jean‐Baptiste;Haffreingue, Aurore;Rod, Julien;Renaux‐Petel, Mariette;Lecompte, Jean‐François;Bréaud, Jean;Gastaldi, Pauline;Taieb, Chouikh;Claire, Raquillet;Anis, Echaieb;Bustangi, Nasir;Lopez, Manuel;Scalabre, Aurelien;Grella, Maria Giovanna;Mariani, Aurora;Podevin, Guillaume;Schmitt, Françoise;Hervieux, Erik;Broch, Aline;Muller, Cecile;Tabiri, Stephen;Kojo, Anyomih Theophilus Teddy;Bandoh, Dickson;Abantanga, Francis;Kyereh, Martin;Asumah, Hamza;Appiah, Eric Kofi;Wondoh, Paul;Gyedu, Adam;Dally, Charles;Agbedinu, Kwabena;Amoah, Michael;Yifieyeh, Abiboye;Owusu, Frank;Amoako‐Boateng, Mabel;Dayie, Makafui;Hagan, Richmond;Debrah, Sam;Ohene‐Yeboah, Micheal;Clegg‐Lampety, Joe‐Nat;Etwire, Victor;Dakubo, Jonathan;Essoun, Samuel;Bonney, William;Glover‐Addy, Hope;Osei‐Nketiah, Samuel;Amoako, Joachim;Adu‐Aryee, Niiarmah;Appeadu‐Mensah, William;Bediako‐Bowan, Antoinette;Dedey, Florence;Ekow, Mattew;Akatibo, Emmanuel;Yakubu, Musah;Kordorwu, Hope Edem Kofi;Asare‐Bediako, Kwasi;Tackie, Enoch;Aaniana, Kenneth;Acquah, Emmanuel;Opoku‐Agyeman, Richard;Avoka, Anthony;Kusi, Kwasi;Maison, Kwame;Gyamfi, Frank Enoch;Barnabas, Gandau Naa;Abdul‐Latif, Saiba;Amoako, Philip Taah;Davor, Anthony;Dassah, Victor;Dagoe, Enoch;Kwakyeafriyie, Prince;Akoto, Elliot;Ackom, Eric;Mensah, Ekow;Atkins, Ebenezer Takyi;Coompson, Christian Lari;Ivros, Nikolaos;Ferousis, Christoforos;Kalles, Vasileios;Agalianos, Christos;Kyriazanos, Ioannis;Barkolias, Christos;Tselos, Angelos;Tzikos, Georgios;Voulgaris, Evangelos;Lytras, Dimitrios;Bamicha, Athanasia;Psarianos, Kyriakos;Stefanopoulos, Anastasios;Patoulias, Ioannis;Sfougaris, Dimitrios;Valioulis, Ioannis;Balalis, Dimitrios;Korkolis, Dimitrios;Manatakis, Dimitrios K;Kyrou, Georgios;Karabelias, Georgios;Papaskarlatos, Iason‐Antonios;Konstantina, Kolonia;Zampitis, Nikolaos;Germanos, Stylianos;Papailia, Aspasia;Theodosopoulos, Theodosios;Gkiokas, Georgios;Mitroudi, Magdalini;Panteli, Christina;Feidantsis, Thomas;Farmakis, Konstantinos;Kyziridis, Dimitrios;Ioannidis, Orestis;Parpoudi, Styliani;Gemenetzis, Georgios;Parasyris, Stavros;Anthoulakis, Christos;Nikoloudis, Nikolaos;Margaritis, Michail;Aguilera‐Arevalo, Maria‐Lorena;Coyoy‐Gaitan, Otto;Rosales, Javier;Tale, Luis;Soley, Rafael;Barrios, Emmanuel;Rodriguez, Servio Tulio Torres;Galvez, Carlos Paz;Cruz, Danilo Herrera;Rosenberg, Guillermo Sanchez;Matheu, Alejandro;Cohen, David Monterroso;Paul, Marie;Charles, Angeline;Lam, Justin Chak Yiu;Yeung, Man Hon Andrew;Fok, Chi Ying Jacquelyn;Li, Ka Hin Gabriel;Lai, Anthony Chuk‐Him;Cheung, Yuk Hong Eric;Wong, Hong Yee;Leung, Ka Wai;Lee, Tien Seng Bryan;Lam, Wai Him;Dao, Weihei;Kwok, Stephanie Hiu‐wai;Chan, Tsz‐Yan Katie;Ng, Yung Kok;Mak, TWC;Liu, Qinyang;Foo, Chi Chung;Yang, James;Kumar, Basant;Bhatnagar, Ankur;Upadhyaya, Vijaid;Kumar, Sunil;Muddebihal, Uday;Dar, Wasim;Janardha, KC;Alexander, Philip;Aruldas, Neerav;Adella, Fidelis Jacklyn;Rulie, Anthonius Santoso;Iskandar, Ferdy;Setiawan, Jonny;Evajelista, Cicilia Viany;Natalie, Hani;Suyadi, Arlindawati;Gunawan, Rudy;Karismaningtyas, Herlin;Mata, Lusi Padma Sulistianingsih;Andika, Ferry Fitriya Ayu;Hasanah, Afifatun;Widiastini, T Ariani;Purwaningsih, Nurlaila Ayu;Mukin, Annisa Dewi Fitriana;Rahmah, Dina Faizatur;Nurqistan, Hazmi Dwinanda;Arsyad, Hasbi Maulana;Adhitama, Novia;Jeo, Wifanto Saditya;Sutandi, Nathania;Clarissa, Audrey;Gultom, Phebe Anggita;Billy, Matthew;Haloho, Andreass;Amandito, Radhian;Johanna, Nadya;Lee, Felix;Dorani, Radin Mohd Nurrahman Radin;Glynn, Martha;Alherz, Mohammad;Goh, Wennweoi;Shiwani, Haaris A.;Sproule, Lorraine;Conlon, Kevin C.;Bala, Miklosh;Kedar, Asaf;Turati, Luca;Bianco, Federica;Steccanella, Francesca;Gallo, Gaetano;Trompetto, Mario;Clerico, Giuseppe;Papandrea, Matteo;Sammarco, Giuseppe;Sacco, Rosario;Benevento, Angelo;Pata, Francesco;Giavarini, Luisa;Giglio, Mariano Cesare;Bucci, Luigi;Pagano, Gianluca;Sollazzo, Viviana;Peltrini, Roberto;Luglio, Gaetano;Birindelli, Arianna;Di Saverio, Salomone;Tugnoli, Gregorio;Paludi, Miguel Angel;Mingrone, Pietro;Pata, Domenica;Selvaggi, Francesco;Selvaggi, Lucio;Pellino, Gianluca;Di Martino, Natale;Curletti, Gianluca;Aonzo, Paolo;Galleano, Raffaele;Berti, Stefano;Francone, Elisa;Boni, Silvia;Lorenzon, Laura;lo Conte, Annalisa;Balducci, Genoveffa;Confalonieri, Gianmaria;Pesenti, Giovanni;Gavagna, Laura;Vasquez, Giorgio;Targa, Simone;Occhionorelli, Savino;Andreotti, Dario;Pata, Giacomo;Armellini, Andrea;Chiesa, Deborah;Aquilino, Fabrizio;Chetta, Nicola;Picciariello, Arcangelo;Abdelkhalek, Mohamed;Belli, Andrea;De Franciscis, Silvia;Bigaran, Annamaria;Favero, Alessandro;Basso, Stefano M. M;Salusso, Paola;Perino, Martina;Mochet, Sylvie;Sasia, Diego;Riente, Francesco;Migliore, Marco;Merlini, David;Basilicò, Silvia;Corbellini, Carlo;Lazzari, Veronica;Macchitella, Yuri;Bonavina, Luigi;Angelieri, Daniele;Coletta, Diego;Falaschi, Federica;Catani, Marco;Reali, Claudia;Malavenda, Mariastella;Del Basso, Celeste;Ribaldi, Sergio;Coletti, Massimo;Natili, Andrea;Depalma, Norma;Iannone, Immacolata;Antoniozzi, Angelo;Rossi, Davide;Gui, Daniele;Perrotta, Gerardo;Ripa, Matteo;Giardino, Francesco Ruben;Foco, Maurizio;Vicario, Erika;Coccolini, Federico;Ansaloni, Luca;Nita, Gabriela Elisa;Leone, Nicoletta;Bondurri, Andrea;Maffioli, Anna;Simioni, Andrea;De Boni, Davide;Pasquali, Sandro;Goldin, Elena;Vendramin, Elena;Ciccioli, Eleonora;Tedeschi, Umberto;Bortolasi, Luca;Violi, Paola;Campagnaro, Tommaso;Conci, Simone;Lazzari, Giovanni;Iacono, Calogero;Gulielmi, Alfredo;Manfreda, Serena;Rinaldi, Anna;Ringressi, Maria Novella;Brunoni, Beatrice;Salamone, Giuseppe;Mangiapane, Mirko;De Marco, Paolino;La Brocca, Antonella;Tutino, Roberta;Silvestri, Vania;Licari, Leo;Fontana, Tommaso;Falco, Nicolò;Cocorullo, Gianfranco;Shalaby, Mostafa;Sileri, Pierpaolo;Arcudi, Claudio;Bsisu, Isam;Aljboor, Khaled;Abusalem, Lana;Alnusairat, Aseel;Qaissieh, Ahmad;Al‐Dakka, Emad;Ababneh, Ali;Halhouli, Oday;Yusufali, Taha;Mohammed, Hussein;Lando, Justus;Parker, Robert;Ndegwa, Wairimu;Jokubauskas, Mantas;Gribauskaite, Jolanta;Venskutonis, Donatas;Kuliavas, Justas;Dulskas, Audrius;Samalavicius, Narimantas E.;Jasaitis, Kristijonas;Parseliunas, Audrius;Nevieraite, Viktorija;Montrimaite, Margarita;Slapelyte, Evelina;Dainius, Edvinas;Riauka, Romualdas;Dambrauskas, Zilvinas;Subocius, Andrejus;Venclauskas, Linas;Gulbinas, Antanas;Bradulskis, Saulius;Kasputyte, Simona;Mikuckyte, Deimante;Kiudelis, Mindaugas;Zilinskas, Justas;Jankus, Tomas;Petrikenas, Steponas;Pažuskis, Matas;Urniežius, Zigmantas;Vilčinskas, Mantas;Banaitis, Vincas Jonas;Gaižauskas, Vytautas;Grisin, Edvard;Mazrimas, Povilas;Rackauskas, Rokas;Drungilas, Mantas;Lagunavicius, Karolis;Lipnickas, Vytautas;Majauskyté, Dovilè;Jotautas, Valdemaras;Abaliksta, Tomas;Uščinas, Laimonas;Simutis, Gintaras;Ladukas, Adomas;Danys, Donatas;Laugzemys, Erikas;Mikalauskas, Saulius;Poskus, Tomas;Sruogiene, Elena Zdanyte;Višinskas, Petras;Žilinskienė, Reda;Dragatas, Deividas;Burmistrovas, Andrius;Tverskis, Zygimantas;Vaicius, Arturas;Mazelyte, Ruta;Zadoroznas, Antanas;Kaselis, Nerijus;Žiubrytė, Greta;Samison, Luc Hervé;Rasoaherinomenjanahary, Fanjandrainy;Tolotra, Todisoa Emmanuella Christina;Mukuzunga, Cornelius;Msosa, Vanessa;Kwatiwani, Chimwemwe;Msiska, Nelson;Chai, Feng Yih;Asilah, Siti Mohd Desa;Syibrah, Khuzaimah Zahid;Chin, Pui Xin;Salleh, Afizah;Riswan, Nur Zulaika;Roslani, April Camilla;Chong, Hoong‐Yin;Aziz, Nora Abdul;Poh, Keat‐Seong;Chai, Chu‐Ann;Kumar, Sandip;Taher, Mustafa Mohammed;Kosai, Nik Ritza;Aziz, Dayang Nita Abdul;Rajan, Reynu;Julaihi, Rokayah;Jethwani, Durvesh Lacthman;Yahaya, Muhammad Taqiyuddin;Abdullah, Nik Azim Nik;Mathew, Susan Wndy;Chung, Kuet Jun;Nirumal, Milaksh Kumar;Tze, R. Goh Ern;Ali, Syed Abdul Wahhab Eusoffee Wan;Gan, Yiing Yee;Ting, Jesse Ron Swire;Sii, Samuel S. Y.;Koay, Kean Leong;Tan, Yi Koon;Cheah, Alvin Ee Zhiun;Wong, Chui Yee;Nur'Azmah Tuan Mat, Tuan;Chow, Crystal Yern Nee;Har, Prisca A. L.;Der, Yishan;Tew, Yong Yong;Henry, Fitjerald;Low, Xinwei;Neo, Ya Theng;Heng, Hian Ee;Kong, Shu Ning;Gan, Cheewei;Mok, Yi Ting;Tan, Yee Wen;Palayan, Kandasami;Tata, Mahadevan Deva;Cheong, Yih Jeng;Gunaseelan, Kuhaendran;'Ain Wan Mohd Nasir, Wan Nurul;Yoganathan, Pigeneswaren;Lee, Eu Xian;Saw, Jian Er;Yeang, Li Jing;Koh, Pei Ying;Lim, Shyang Yee;Teo, Shuang Yi;Grech, Nicole;Magri, Daniela;Cassar, Kristina;Mizzi, Christine;Falzon, Malcolm;Shaikh, Nihaal;Scicluna, Ruth;Zammit, Stefan;Borg, Elaine;Mizzi, Sean;Brincat, Svetlana Doris;Tembo, Thelma;Le, Vu Thanh Hien;Grima, Tara;Sammut, Keith;Carabott, Kurt;Farrugia, Alexia;Zarb, Ciskje;Navarro, Andre;Dimech, Thea;Camilleri, Georgette Marie;Bertuello, Isaac;Dalli, Jeffrey;Bonavia, Karl;Corro‐Diaz, Samantha;Manriquez‐Reyes, Marisol;Medina, Antonio Ramos‐De;Abdelhamid, Amina;Hrora, Abdelmalek;Benammi, Sarah;Bachri, Houda;Abbouch, Meryem;Boukhal, Khaoula;Bennai, Redouane Mammar;Belkouchi, Abdelkader;Jabal, Mohamed Sobhi;Benyaiche, Chaymae;Vermaas, Maarten;Duinhouwer, Lucia;Pastora, Javier;Wood, Greta;Merlo, Maria Soledad;Ajao, Akinlabi;Ayandipo, Omobolaji;Lawal, Taiwo;Abdurrazzaaq, Abdussemiu;Alada, Muslimat;Nasir, Abdulrasheed;Adeniran, James;Habeeb, Olufemi;Popoola, Ademola;Adeyeye, Ademola;Adebanjo, Ademola;Adesanya, Opeoluwa;Adeniyi, Adewale;Mendel, Henry;Bello, Bashir;Muktar, Umar;Osinowo, Adedapo;Olajide, Thomas Olagboyega;Oshati, Oyindamola;Ihediwa, George;Adenekan, Babajide;Nwinee, Victor;Alakaloko, Felix;Ademuyiwa, Adesoji;Elebute, Olumide;Lawal, Abdulrazzaq;Bode, Chris;Olugbemi, Mojolaoluwa;Adesina, Alaba;Faturoti, Olubukola;Odutola, Oluwatomi;Adebola, Oluwaseyi;Onuoha, Clement;Taiwo, Ogechukwu;Williams, Omolara;Balogun, Fatai;Ajai, Olalekan;Oludara, Mobolaji;Njokanma, Iloba;Osuoji, Roland;Kache, Stephen;Ajah, Jonathan;Makama, Jerry;Adamu, Ahmed;Baba, Suleiman;Aliyu, Mohammad;Aliyu, Shamsudeen;Ukwenya, Yahaya;Aliyu, Halima;Sholadoye, Tunde;Daniyan, Muhammad;Ogunsua, Oluseyi;Anyanwu, Lofty‐John;Sheshe, Abdurrahaman;Mohammad, Aminu;Olori, Samson;Mshelbwala, Philip;Odeyemi, Babatunde;Samson, Garba;Timothy, Oyediran Kehinde;Samuel, Sani Ali;Ajiboye, Anthony;Adeyeye, Ademola;Amole, Isaac;Abiola, Olajide;Olaolorun, Akin;Søreide, Kjetil;Veen, Torhild;Kanani, Arezo;Styles, Kristian;Herikstad, Ragnar;Larsen, Johannes Wiik;Søreide, Jon Arne;Jensen, Elisabeth;Gran, Mads;Aahlin, Eirik Kjus;Gaarder, Tina;Monrad‐Hansen, Peter Wiel;Næss, Pål Aksel;Lauzikas, Giedrius;Wiborg, Joachim;Holte, Silje;Augestad, Knut Magne;Banipal, Gurpreet Singh;Monteleone, Michela;Moe, Thomas Tetens;Schultz, Johannes Kurt;Al‐taher, Taher;Hamdan, Ayah;Salman, Ayman;Saadeh, Rana;Musleh, Aseel;Jaradat, Dana;Abushamleh, Soha;Hanoun, Sakhaa;Qumbos, Amjad Abu;Hamarshi, Aseel;Taher, Ayman And;Qawasmi, Israa;Qurie, Khalid;Altarayra, Marwa;Ghannam, Mohammad;Shaheen, Alaa;Herebat, Azher;Abdelhaq, Aram;Shalabi, Ahmad;Abu‐toyour, Maram;Asi, Fatema;Shamasneh, Ala;Atiyeh, Anwar;Mustafa, Mousa;Zaa'treh, Rula;Dabboor, Majd;Alaloul, Enas;Baraka, Heba;Meqbil, Jehad;Al‐Buhaisi, Alaa;Elshami, Mohamedraed;Afana, Samah;Jaber, Sahar;Alyacoubi, Said;Abuowda, Yousef;Idress, Tasneem;Abuqwaider, Eman;Al‐saqqa, Sara;Bowabsak, Alaa;El Jamassi, Alaa;Hasanain, Doaa;Al‐farram, Hadeel;Salah, Maram;Firwana, Aya;Hamdan, Marwa;Awad, Israa;Ashour, Ahmad;Al Barrawi, Fayez Elian;Al‐khatib, Ahmed;Al‐faqawi, Maha;Fares, Mohamed;Elmashala, Amjad;Adawi, Mohammad;Adawi, Ihdaa;Khreishi, Reem;Khreishi, Rose;ashour, Ahmad;Ghaben, Ahed;Nadeem, Najwa;Saqlain, Muhammad;Abbasy, Jibran;Alvi, Abdul Rehman;Gala, Tanzeela;Shahzad, Noman;Bhopal, Kamran Faisal;Iftikhar, Zainab;Butt, Muhammad Talha;Asaat ul Razi, Syed;Ahmed, Asdaq;Niazi, Ali Khan;Raza, Ibrahim;Baluch, Fatima;Raza, Ahmed;Bani‐Sadar, Ahmad;Qureshi, Ahmad Uzair;Adil, Muhammad;Raza, Awais;Javaid, Mahnoor;Waqar, Muhammad;Khan, Maryam Ali;Arshad, Mohammad Mohsin;Amjad, Mohammadasim;Vega, Gustavo Miguel Machain;Cardozo, Jorge Torres;Roche, Marcelo O'Higgins;Servin, Gustavo Rodolfo Pertersen;Lohse, Helmut Alfredo Segovia;Lopez, Larissa Ines Páez;Cardozo, Ramón Augusto Melo;Espinoza, Fernando;Rojas, Angel David Pérez;Sanchez, Diana;Samaniego, Camila Sanchez;Torres, Shalon Guevara;Calua, Alexander Canta;Razuri, Cesar;Ortiz, Nadia;Rodriguez, Xianelle;Carrasco, Nahilia;Saravia, Fridiz;Miyasato, Hector Shibao;Valcarcel‐Saldaña, María;Bermúdez, Ysabel Esthefany Alejos;Carpio, Juan;Panez, Walter Ruiz;Orbegozo, Pedro Angel Toribio;Dueñas, Carolina Guzmán;Espinoza, Kevin Turpo;Barrantes, Ana Maria Sandoval;Bravo, Jorge Armando Chungui;Shu, Sebastian;Fuentes‐Rivera, Lorena;Fernández, Carmen;Romani, Diego;Málaga, Bárbara;Ye, Joselyn;Velasquez, Ricardo;Salcedo, Jannin;Contreras‐Vergara, Ana Lucia;Mejia, Angelica Genoveva Vergara;Montejo, Maria Soledad Gonzales;Salas, Marilia Del Carmen Escalante;Ticona, Willy Alcca;Vargas, Marvin;Sila, George Christian Manrique;Mas, Robinson;Pilar Paucar, Arazzelly;Velásquez, Armando José Román;Robledo‐Rabanal, Alina;Solis, Ludwing Alexander Zeta;Espinoza, Kenny Turpo;Hamaguchi, José Luis Hamasaki;Farfan, Erick Samuel Florez;Barrientos, Linda Alvi Madrid;Matta, Juan Jaime Herrera;Mora, John Jemuel V.;Redota, Menold Archee P.;Roxas, Manuel Francisco;Maño, Maria Jesusa B.;Parreno‐Sacdalan, Marie Dione;Lapitan, Marie Carmela;Almanon, Christel Leanne;Walędziak, Maciej;Roszkowski, Rafał;Janik, Michał;Lasek, Anna;Major, Piotr;Radkowiak, Dorota;Rubinkiewicz, Mateusz;Fernandes, Cristina;Costa‐Maia, Jose;Melo, Renato;Muntean, Liviu;Mironescu, Aurel Sandu;Vida, Lucian Corneliu;Kourdouli, Amar;Popa, Mariuca;Mircea, Hogea;Vartic, Mihaela;Diaconescu, Bogdan;Bratu, Matei Razvan;Negoi, Ionut;Beuran, Mircea;Ciubotaru, Cezar;Ingabire, J. 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B;Thalgaspitiya, S. P. B;Wijayarathna, L. S.;Wimalge, P. M. S. N.;Sanni, Hakeem Ayomi;Ndajiwo, Aliyu;Okenabirhie, Ogheneochuko;Homeida, Anmar;Younis, Abobaker;Omer, Omer Abdelbagi;Abdulaziz, Mustafa;Mussad, Ali;Adam, Ali;Cengiz, Yucel;Björklund, Ida;Ahlqvist, Sandra;Ahlqvist, Sandra;Thorell, Anders;Wogensen, Fredrik;Sokratous, Arestis;Breistrand, Michaela;Thorarinsdottir, Hildur;Sigurdadottir, Johanna;Nikberg, Maziar;Chabok, Abbas;Hjertberg, Maria;Elbe, Peter;Saraste, Deborah;Rutkowski, Wiktor;Forlin, Louise;Niska, Karoliina;Sund, Malin;Oswald, Dennis;Peros, Georgios;Bluelle, Rafael;Reinisch, Katharina;Frey, Daniel;Palma, Adrian;Raptis, Dimitri Aristotle;Zumbühl, Lucius;Zuber, Markus;Schmid, Roger;Werder, Gabriela;Nocito, Antonio;Gerosa, Alexandra;Mahanty, Silke;Widmer, Lukas Werner;Müller, Julia;Gübeli, Alissa;Zuk, Grzegorz;Gulcicek, Osman Bilgin;Altinel, Yuksel;Vartanoglu, Talar;Kose, Emin;Karahan, Servet Rustu;Aydin, Mehmet Can;Sahbaz, Nuri Alper;Halicioglu, Ilkay;Alis, Halil;Sapci, Ipek;Adıyaman, Can;Pektaş, Ahmet Murat;Cengiz, Turgut Bora;Tansoker, Ilkan;Işler, Vedatcan;Cevik, Muazzez;Mutlu, Deniz;Ozben, Volkan;Ozmen, Berk Baris;Bayram, Sefa;Yolcu, Sinem;Kobal, Berna Buse;Toto, Ömer Faruk;Çakaloğlu, Haluk Cem;Karabulut, Kagan;Mutlu, Vahit;Ozkan, Bahar Busra;Celik, Saban;Semiz, Anil;Bodur, Selim;Gül, Enisburak;Murutoglu, Busra;Yildirim, Reyyan;Baki, Bahadir Emre;Arslan, Ekin;Ulusahin, Mehmet;Guner, Ali;Walker, Nathan;Shrimanker, Nikhita;Stoddart, Michael;Cole, Simon;Breslin, Ryan;Srinivasan, Ravi;Elshaer, Mohamed;Hunter, Kristina;Al‐Bahrani, Ahmed;Liew, Ignatius;Mairs, Nora Grace;Rocke, Alistair;Dick, Lachlan;Qureshi, Mobeen;Chowdhury, Debkumar;Wright, Naomi;Skerritt, Clare;Kufeji, Dorothy;Ho, Adrienne;Dissanayake, Tharindra;Tennakoon, Athula;Ali, Wadah;Lim, Shujing Jane;Tan, Charlene;O'Neill, Stephen;Jones, Catrin;Knight, Stephen;Nassif, Dima;Sharma, Abhishek;Warren, Oliver;White, Rebecca;Mehdi, Aia;Post, Nathan;Kalakouti, Eliana;Dashnyam, Enkhbat;Stourton, Frederick;Mykoniatis, Ioannis;Currow, Chelise;Wong, Francisca;Gupta, Ashish;Shatkar, Veeranna;Luck, Joshua;Kadiwar, Suraj;Smedley, Alexander;Wakefield, Rebecca;Herrod, Philip;Blackwell, James;Lund, Jonathan;Cohen, Fraser;Bandi, Ashwath;Giuliani, Stefano;Bond‐Smith, Giles;Pezas, Theodore;Farhangmehr, Neda;Urbonas, Tomas;Perenyei, Miklos;Ireland, Philip;Blencowe, Natalie;Bowling, Kirk;Bunting, David;Longstaff, Lydia;Smart, Neil;Keogh, Kenneth;Jeon, Hyunjin;Iqbal, Muhammad Rafaih;Khosla, Shivun;Jeffery, Anna;Perera, James;Teasdale, Ella;Ibrahem, Ahmad Aboelkassem;Alhammali, Tariq;Salama, Yahya;Kabariti, Rakan;Oram, Shaun;Kidd, Thomas;Cullen, Fraser;Owen, Christopher;Wilson, Michael;Chiu, Seehui;Sarafilovic, Hannah;Ploski, Jennifer;Evans, Elizabeth;Abbas, Athar;Kamya, Sylvia;Ishak, Norzawani;Bisset, Carly;Andress, Cedar;Chin, Ye Ru;Patel, Priya;Evans, David;Jeffery, Anna;Perera, James;Haslegrave, Aidan;Boggon, Adam;Laurie, Kirsten;Connor, Katie;Mann, Thomas;Nepogodiev, Dmitri;Mansuri, Anahita;Davies, Rachel;Griffiths, Ewen;Shahbaz, Aized Raza;Eng, Calvin;Din, Farhat;L'Heveder, Ariadne;Park, Esther H. G.;Ravishankar, Ramanish;McIntosh, Kirsten;Yau, Jih Dar;Chan, Luke;McGarvie, Susan;Tang, Lingshan;Lim, Hui;Yap, Suhhuey;Park, Jay;Ng, Zhan Herr;Mirza, Shahrukh;Ang, Yun Lin;Walls, Luke;Teasdale, Ella;Roy, Chloe;Paterson‐Brown, Simon;Camilleri‐Brennan, Julian;Mclean, Kenneth;D'Souza, Michelle S;Pronin, Savva;Henshall, David Ewart;Ter, Eunice Zuling;Fouad, Dina;Minocha, Ashish;English, William;Morgan, Catrin;Townsend, Dominic;Maciejec, Laura;Mahdi, Shareef;Akpenyi, Onyinye;Hall, Elisabeth;Caydiid, Hanaan;Rob, Zakaria;Abbott, Tom;Torrance, Hew D;Irwin, Gareth;Johnston, Robin;Gani, Mohammed Akil;Gravante, Gianpiero;Rajmohan, Shivanchan;Majid, Kiran;Dindyal, Shiva;Smith, Christopher;Palliyil, Madanmohan;Patel, Sanjay;Nicholson, Luke;Harvey, Neil;Baillie, Katie;Shillito, Sam;Kershaw, Suzanne;Bamford, Rebecca;Orton, Peter;Reunis, Elke;Tyler, Robert;Soon, Wai Cheong;Jama, Guled M.;Dhillon, Dharminder;Patel, Khyati;Nanthakumaran, Shayanthan;Heard, Rachel;Chen, Kar Yan;Barmayehvar, Behrad;Datta, Uttaran;Kamarajah, Sivesh K;Karandikar, Sharad;Tani, Sobhana Iftekhar;Monaghan, Eimear;Donnelly, Philippa;Walker, Michael;Parakh, Jehangirshaw;Blacker, Sarah;Kaul, Anil;Paramasivan, Arjun;Farag, Sameh;Nessa, Ashrafun;Awadallah, Salwa;Lim, Jieqi;Ng, James Chean Khun;Gash, Katherine;Kiran, Ravi P.;Murray, Alice;Etchill, Eric;Dasari, Mohini;Puyana, Juan;Haddad, Nadeem;Zielinski, Martin;Choudhry, Asad;Caliman, Celeste;Beamon, Mieshia;Duane, Therese;Narayanan, Ragavan;Swaroop, Mamta;Myers, Jonathan;Deal, Rebecca;Schadde, Erik;Hemmila, Mark;Napolitano, Lena;To, Kathleen;Makupe, Alex;Musowoya, Joseph;Maimbo, Mayaba;Van Der Naald, Niels;Kumwenda, Dayson;Reece‐Smith, Alex;Otten, Kars;Verbeek, Anna;Prins, Marloes;Suarez, Alibeth Andres Baquero;Balmaceda, Ruben;Deane, Chelsea;Dijan, Emilio;Elfiky, Mahmoud;Koskenvuo, Laura;Thollot, Aurore;Limoges, Bernard;Capito, Carmen;Alexandre, Challine;Kotobi, Henri;Leroux, Julien;Rod, Julien;Pinnagoda, Kalitha;Henric, Nicolas;Azzis, Olivier;Rosello, Olivier;Francois, Poddevin;Etienne, Sara;Buisson, Philippe;Hmila, Sophian;Clegg‐Lamptey, Joe‐Nat;Imoro, Osman;Abem, Owusu Emmanuel;Wondoh, Paul;Papageorgiou, Dimitrios;Soulou, Vasiliki;Asturias, Sabrina;Peña, Lenin;Kumar, Basant;O'Connor, Donal B;Luc, Alberto Realis;Russo, Alfio Alessandro;Ruzzenente, Andrea;Taddei, Antonio;Cona, Camilla;Bottini, Corrado;Pascale, Giovanni;Rotunno, Giuseppe;Solaini, Leonardo;Pascale, Marco Maria;Notarnicola, Margherita;Corbellino, Mario;Sacco, Michele;Ubiali, Paolo;Cautiero, Roberto;Bocchetti, Tommaso;Muzio, Elena;Guglielmo, Vania;Morandi, Eugenio;Mao, Patrizio;De Luca, Emilia;Notarnicola, Margherita;Ali, Farah Mahmoud;Žilinskas, Justas;Strupas, Kestutis;Kondrotas, Paulius;Baltrunas, Robertas;Kutkevicius, Juozas;Ignatavicius, Povilas;Tan, Choy Ling;Siaw, Jia Yng;Yam, Sir Young;Wilson, Ling;Aziz, Mohamed Rezal Abdul;Bondin, John;Zorrilla, Carmina Diaz;Majbar, Anass;Sale, Danjuma;Abdullahi, Lawal;Osagie, Olabisi;Faboya, Omolara;Fatuga, Adedeji;Taiwo, Agboola;Nwabuoku, Emeka;Bliksøen, Marte;Khan, Zain Ali;Coronel, Jazmin;Miranda, Cesar;Vasquez, Idelso;Helguero‐Santin, Luis M.;Rickard, Jennifer;Mironescu, Aurel;Adedeji, Adesina;Alqahtani, Saleh;Rath, Max;Van Niekerk, Michael;Koto, Modise Zacharia;Matos‐Puig, Roel;Israelsson, Leif;Schuetz, Tobias;Yuksek, Mahmut Arif;Mericliler, Meric;Uluşahin, Mehmet;Wolf, Bernhard;Fairfield, Cameron;Yong, Guo Liang;Whitehurst, Katharine;Wilson, Michael;Redgrave, Natalie;Musyoka, Caroluce K;Olivier, James;Lee, Kathryn;Cox, Michael;Farhan‐Alanie, Muhamed M H;Callan, Rory;Chibuye, Chali;Ali, Tebian Hassanein Ahmed;Rekhis, Syrine;Rommaneh, Muna;Halhouli, Oday;Sam, Zi Hao;Chen, Jacky Hong Chieh;Roi, Dylan;Ismaïl, Lawani;Kalles, Vasileios;Pata, Francesco;Nita, Gabriela Elisa;Coccolini, Federico;Ansaloni, Luca;Pugliesi, Thays Brunelli;Pardo, Gabriel;Blanco, Ruth;Escobar, Eugenio Grasset

2019

Abstract

Background: End colostomy rates following colorectal resection vary across institutions in high-income settings, being influenced by patient, disease, surgeon and system factors. This study aimed to assess global variation in end colostomy rates after left-sided colorectal resection. Methods: This study comprised an analysis of GlobalSurg-1 and-2 international, prospective, observational cohort studies (2014, 2016), including consecutive adult patients undergoing elective or emergency left-sided colorectal resection within discrete 2-week windows. Countries were grouped into high-, middle-and low-income tertiles according to the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). Factors associated with colostomy formation versus primary anastomosis were explored using a multilevel, multivariable logistic regression model. Results: In total, 1635 patients from 242 hospitals in 57 countries undergoing left-sided colorectal resection were included: 113 (6·9 per cent) from low-HDI, 254 (15·5 per cent) from middle-HDI and 1268 (77·6 percent) from high-HDI countries. There was a higher proportion of patients with perforated disease (57·5, 40·9 and 35·4 per cent; P < 0·001) and subsequent use of end colostomy (52·2, 24·8 and 18·9 per cent; P < 0·001) in low-compared with middle-and high-HDI settings. The association with colostomy use in low-HDI settings persisted (odds ratio (OR) 3·20, 95 per cent c.i. 1·35 to 7·57; P = 0·008) after risk adjustment for malignant disease (OR 2·34, 1·65 to 3·32; P < 0·001), emergency surgery (OR 4·08, 2·73 to 6·10; P < 0·001), time to operation at least 48 h (OR 1·99, 1·28 to 3·09; P = 0·002) and disease perforation (OR 4·00, 2·81 to 5·69; P < 0·001). Conclusion: Global differences existed in the proportion of patients receiving end stomas after left-sided colorectal resection based on income, which went beyond case mix alone.

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	Settori scientifico-disciplinari dell'articolo (sola visualizzazione)
	
				Settore MED/18 - Chirurgia Generale
			
	Settori scientifico-disciplinari dell'articolo (validi dal 09/05/2024)
	
				Settore MEDS-06/A - Chirurgia generale
			
	Data di pubblicazione
	
				2019
			
	Rivista in ANCE
	
				BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY
			
	DOI
	
				https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bjs5.50138
			
	Tipologia
	
				Article (author)
			
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				01 - Articolo su periodico

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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/2434/720512

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