Lapis Lazuli use stretches back more than 6,500 years; ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt, China, Greece, and Rome treasured and prized it. Afghanistan has been the oldest source for this stone, while Chile, Canada, Russia and a few other countries have been reported as sources for raw material in more recent times; the rarity of historical mines surely represents a positive aspect for the provenance clue of artefacts. Lapis lazuli is a rock consisting mainly of lazurite, to which it owes the blue colour, calcite and pyrite. Other constituents may be present, related to the different mines. In the present work, we apply the principles of Radio-luminescence (RL) exploiting as radiation source the X-ray tube of a portable commercial X-Ray Fluorescence spectrometer; in this way, X-Ray Fluorescence spectra (XRF) can be simultaneously acquired to have a larger set of data. To highlight the instrumental experimental differences, we refer to the portable set up as X-Ray Luminescence (XRL), as suggested by recent literature. We thus looked for the possibility of applying a wieldy, low cost and non-destructive method that could fit also to precious objects, based on the join use of XRF and XRL. We performed analyses on raw Lapis Lazuli stones from five different provenances, both historical and modern, and on four sets of unknown origin carved polished stones, to test our methods on real artefacts. We focalised on a limited number of samples to concentrate on the statistical treatment of spectra obtained, so to get a synergic response of the two applied techniques. We were able to obtain a clear distinction for the different classified provenances and could speculate those of unknown samples.

Application of statistical analyses for Lapis Lazuli stone provenance determination by XRL and XRF / L.M.A. Bonizzoni, M. Saleh, J. Orsilli, S. Samela, M. Gargano, S. Gallo, A. Galli. - In: MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL. - ISSN 0026-265X. - 154(2020), pp. 104655.1-104655.9. [10.1016/j.microc.2020.104655]

Application of statistical analyses for Lapis Lazuli stone provenance determination by XRL and XRF

L.M.A. Bonizzoni
Primo
Formal Analysis
;
S. Samela
Investigation
;
M. Gargano
Investigation
;
S. Gallo
Penultimo
Resources
;
2020

Abstract

Lapis Lazuli use stretches back more than 6,500 years; ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt, China, Greece, and Rome treasured and prized it. Afghanistan has been the oldest source for this stone, while Chile, Canada, Russia and a few other countries have been reported as sources for raw material in more recent times; the rarity of historical mines surely represents a positive aspect for the provenance clue of artefacts. Lapis lazuli is a rock consisting mainly of lazurite, to which it owes the blue colour, calcite and pyrite. Other constituents may be present, related to the different mines. In the present work, we apply the principles of Radio-luminescence (RL) exploiting as radiation source the X-ray tube of a portable commercial X-Ray Fluorescence spectrometer; in this way, X-Ray Fluorescence spectra (XRF) can be simultaneously acquired to have a larger set of data. To highlight the instrumental experimental differences, we refer to the portable set up as X-Ray Luminescence (XRL), as suggested by recent literature. We thus looked for the possibility of applying a wieldy, low cost and non-destructive method that could fit also to precious objects, based on the join use of XRF and XRL. We performed analyses on raw Lapis Lazuli stones from five different provenances, both historical and modern, and on four sets of unknown origin carved polished stones, to test our methods on real artefacts. We focalised on a limited number of samples to concentrate on the statistical treatment of spectra obtained, so to get a synergic response of the two applied techniques. We were able to obtain a clear distinction for the different classified provenances and could speculate those of unknown samples.
Radio-luminescence; X-Ray Fluorescence; X-Ray Luminescence; Lapis lazuli provenance; MV analysis; SAM analysis
Settore FIS/07 - Fisica Applicata(Beni Culturali, Ambientali, Biol.e Medicin)
Settore CHIM/12 - Chimica dell'Ambiente e dei Beni Culturali
2020
Article (author)
File in questo prodotto:
File Dimensione Formato  
MICC_2020_Salem_Lapis.pdf

accesso riservato

Descrizione: Articolo esteso
Tipologia: Publisher's version/PDF
Dimensione 2.54 MB
Formato Adobe PDF
2.54 MB Adobe PDF   Visualizza/Apri   Richiedi una copia
Saleh_preprint.pdf

accesso aperto

Descrizione: Articolo in preprint
Tipologia: Post-print, accepted manuscript ecc. (versione accettata dall'editore)
Dimensione 1.07 MB
Formato Adobe PDF
1.07 MB Adobe PDF Visualizza/Apri
Pubblicazioni consigliate

I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.

Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/2434/707513
Citazioni
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.pmc??? ND
  • Scopus 15
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.isi??? 15
social impact