Objective: To evaluate the existence of an interaction between smoking habit and hypertension (HBP), diabetes (DBT), hypercholesterolemia (HC), hypertrygliceridemia (HTG) and hypoalphalipoproteinemia (Hypo-ALPHA) in determining carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) in patients attending a Lipid Clinic. Methods: Data from 1113 never-smokers (564 HBP, 34 DBT, 961 HC, 226 HTG, 159 Hypo-ALPHA patients), 377 former-smokers (208 HBP, 24 DBT, 301 HC, 110 HTG, 109 Hypo-ALPHA patients), 315 current-smokers (126 HBP, 13 DBT, 272 HC, 115 HTG, 102 Hypo-ALPHA patients) were analysed. Among the 692 former/current smokers, 435 were light-smokers (packyear<30) and 257 were heavy-smokers (packyear≥30). Results: Independent to the presence/absence of each vascular risk factor considered, carotid artery IMT was always higher in current-smokers, lower in former-smokers and lowest in never-smokers. Similarly, IMT was also always higher in heavy-smokers, lower in light-smokers and lowest in never-smokers. A significant interaction with smoking habits was found, however, only when hypertension (p=0.03) or diabetes (p=0.04) were considered. Conclusions: Smoking habit acts as an additional independent determinant of carotid IMT either in presence or absence of HC, HTG and Hypo-ALPHA. In view of the significant interaction with hypertension and diabetes, smoking cessation is particularly advisable in this kind of patients. Funding: Research described in this article was supported in part by Philip Morris USA Inc. and Philip Morris International.
Effect of smoking habits on the relationships between atherosclerosis risk factors and carotid IMT / S. Castelnuovo, B. Frigerio, G. DE GIOSA, M. Amato, E. Tremoli, C.R. Sirtori, D. Baldassarre. - In: ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPPLEMENTS. - ISSN 1567-5688. - 7:3(2006), pp. 324-324. ((Intervento presentato al 14. convegno XIV International Symposium on Atherosclerosis tenutosi a Roma nel 2006 [10.1016/S1567-5688(06)81293-6].
Effect of smoking habits on the relationships between atherosclerosis risk factors and carotid IMT
S. CastelnuovoPrimo
;B. FrigerioSecondo
;G. DE GIOSA;E. Tremoli;C.R. SirtoriPenultimo
;D. BaldassarreUltimo
2006
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the existence of an interaction between smoking habit and hypertension (HBP), diabetes (DBT), hypercholesterolemia (HC), hypertrygliceridemia (HTG) and hypoalphalipoproteinemia (Hypo-ALPHA) in determining carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) in patients attending a Lipid Clinic. Methods: Data from 1113 never-smokers (564 HBP, 34 DBT, 961 HC, 226 HTG, 159 Hypo-ALPHA patients), 377 former-smokers (208 HBP, 24 DBT, 301 HC, 110 HTG, 109 Hypo-ALPHA patients), 315 current-smokers (126 HBP, 13 DBT, 272 HC, 115 HTG, 102 Hypo-ALPHA patients) were analysed. Among the 692 former/current smokers, 435 were light-smokers (packyear<30) and 257 were heavy-smokers (packyear≥30). Results: Independent to the presence/absence of each vascular risk factor considered, carotid artery IMT was always higher in current-smokers, lower in former-smokers and lowest in never-smokers. Similarly, IMT was also always higher in heavy-smokers, lower in light-smokers and lowest in never-smokers. A significant interaction with smoking habits was found, however, only when hypertension (p=0.03) or diabetes (p=0.04) were considered. Conclusions: Smoking habit acts as an additional independent determinant of carotid IMT either in presence or absence of HC, HTG and Hypo-ALPHA. In view of the significant interaction with hypertension and diabetes, smoking cessation is particularly advisable in this kind of patients. Funding: Research described in this article was supported in part by Philip Morris USA Inc. and Philip Morris International.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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