Vascular calcification (VC) is common in advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD), contributes to cardiovascular disease (CVD), and associates with increased mortality. Major risk factors for VC in CKD are increasing age, dialysis vintage, and positive net calcium-phosphate balance. To date, no specific therapy that prevents progression or facilitates regression of VC beyond careful attention to calcium and phosphate balance exists. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that CKD patients may incur subclinical vitamin K deficiency. This deficiency may be induced by exhaustion of vitamin K due to its high requirement by vitamin K-dependent proteins to inhibit VC. This review analyzes the pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical consequences of vitamin K deficiency with emphasis on its involvement on vascular calcification in CKD and end-stage renal disease and its relationship to the bone-vascular axis.
The Role of Vitamin K in Vascular Calcification / M. Cozzolino, M. Fusaro, P. Ciceri, L. Gasperoni, G. Cianciolo. - In: ADVANCES IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE. - ISSN 1548-5595. - 26:6(2019 Nov), pp. 437-444. [10.1053/j.ackd.2019.10.005]
The Role of Vitamin K in Vascular Calcification
M. Cozzolino
Primo
;P. Ciceri;
2019
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is common in advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD), contributes to cardiovascular disease (CVD), and associates with increased mortality. Major risk factors for VC in CKD are increasing age, dialysis vintage, and positive net calcium-phosphate balance. To date, no specific therapy that prevents progression or facilitates regression of VC beyond careful attention to calcium and phosphate balance exists. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that CKD patients may incur subclinical vitamin K deficiency. This deficiency may be induced by exhaustion of vitamin K due to its high requirement by vitamin K-dependent proteins to inhibit VC. This review analyzes the pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical consequences of vitamin K deficiency with emphasis on its involvement on vascular calcification in CKD and end-stage renal disease and its relationship to the bone-vascular axis.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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