Background: High serum phosphate (Pi) levels strongly associate with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with vascular calcification playing a major role in the pathogenesis of related cardiovascular disease. High-Pi challenged vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) undergo simil-osteoblastic transformation and actively deposit calcium-phosphate crystals. Iron-based Pi-binders are used to treat hyperphosphatemia in CKD patients. Methods: In this study, we investigated the direct effect of iron citrate on extracellular matrix (ECM) modification induced by high-Pi, following either prophylactic or therapeutic approach. Results: Iron prophylactically prevents and therapeutically blocks high-Pi induced calcification. Masson's staining highlights the changes of muscular ECM that after high-Pi stimulation becomes fibrotic and which modifications are prevented or partially reverted by iron. Interestingly, iron preserves glycogen granules and either prevents or partially reverts the formation of non-glycogen granules induced by high-Pi. In parallel, iron addition is able to either prevent or block the high-Pi induced acid mucin deposition. Iron inhibited calcification also by preventing exosome osteo-chondrogenic shift by reducing phosphate load (0,61 ± 0.04vs0,45 ± 0.05, PivsPi + Fe, p < 0,05, nmol Pi/mg protein) and inducing miRNA 30c (0.62 ± 0.05vs3.07 ± 0.62; PivsPi + Fe, p < 0.01, relative expression). Studying aortic rings, we found that iron significantly either prevents or reverts the high-Pi induced collagen deposition and the elastin decrease, preserving elastin structure (0.7 ± 0.1 vs 1.2 ± 0.1; Pi vs Pi + Fe, p < 0.05, elastin mRNA relative expression). Conclusions: Iron directly either prevents or partially reverts the high-Pi induced osteo-chondrocytic shift of ECM. The protection of muscular nature of VSMC ECM may be one of the mechanisms elucidating the anti-calcific effect of iron.

High-phosphate induced vascular calcification is reduced by iron citrate through inhibition of extracellular matrix osteo-chondrogenic shift in VSMCs / P. Ciceri, M. Falleni, D. Tosi, C. Martinelli, G. Bulfamante, G.A. Block, P. Messa, M. Cozzolino. - In: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY. - ISSN 0167-5273. - 297(2019 Dec 15), pp. 94-103. [10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.09.068]

High-phosphate induced vascular calcification is reduced by iron citrate through inhibition of extracellular matrix osteo-chondrogenic shift in VSMCs

P. Ciceri
Primo
;
M. Falleni
Secondo
;
D. Tosi;C. Martinelli;G. Bulfamante;P. Messa
Penultimo
;
M. Cozzolino
Ultimo
2019

Abstract

Background: High serum phosphate (Pi) levels strongly associate with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with vascular calcification playing a major role in the pathogenesis of related cardiovascular disease. High-Pi challenged vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) undergo simil-osteoblastic transformation and actively deposit calcium-phosphate crystals. Iron-based Pi-binders are used to treat hyperphosphatemia in CKD patients. Methods: In this study, we investigated the direct effect of iron citrate on extracellular matrix (ECM) modification induced by high-Pi, following either prophylactic or therapeutic approach. Results: Iron prophylactically prevents and therapeutically blocks high-Pi induced calcification. Masson's staining highlights the changes of muscular ECM that after high-Pi stimulation becomes fibrotic and which modifications are prevented or partially reverted by iron. Interestingly, iron preserves glycogen granules and either prevents or partially reverts the formation of non-glycogen granules induced by high-Pi. In parallel, iron addition is able to either prevent or block the high-Pi induced acid mucin deposition. Iron inhibited calcification also by preventing exosome osteo-chondrogenic shift by reducing phosphate load (0,61 ± 0.04vs0,45 ± 0.05, PivsPi + Fe, p < 0,05, nmol Pi/mg protein) and inducing miRNA 30c (0.62 ± 0.05vs3.07 ± 0.62; PivsPi + Fe, p < 0.01, relative expression). Studying aortic rings, we found that iron significantly either prevents or reverts the high-Pi induced collagen deposition and the elastin decrease, preserving elastin structure (0.7 ± 0.1 vs 1.2 ± 0.1; Pi vs Pi + Fe, p < 0.05, elastin mRNA relative expression). Conclusions: Iron directly either prevents or partially reverts the high-Pi induced osteo-chondrocytic shift of ECM. The protection of muscular nature of VSMC ECM may be one of the mechanisms elucidating the anti-calcific effect of iron.
extracellular matrix; iron; phosphate; VSMC; vascular calcification;
Settore MED/14 - Nefrologia
15-dic-2019
ott-2019
Article (author)
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/2434/681957
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