Tecnica e linguaggio alle soglie dell'umano : riflessioni al crocevia tra filosofia ed evoluzione

The article aims at developing some aspects of the fruitful reflections contained in Carmine Di Martino’s book Viventi umani e non umani. Tecnica, linguaggio e memoria (Milano 2017), es-pecially those concerning the nature and the origin of the human technique and language. The specific purpose of the present paper is to discuss some possible theoretical developments of those topics in connection with the latest discoveries in human evolution field and with the most recent lines of research emerging in the epistemological debates concerning the structure of the standard evolutionary theory. In particular, the article examines the proposal to rethink the human evolution in the light of a multilevel and extended evolutionary synthesis, and of a “tree thinking” and “mosaic” approach. A concluding section addresses a recurring crucial issue in Di Martino’s book, concerning the relationship between philosophy and scientific theories. The possible role of the philosophical practice is analyzed in order to avoid the superstitious at-titude that consists of thinking about scientific truths as something absolutely objective and in-dependent from the practical activities, techniques, and theoretical constructions, which con-stantly put them into being.