Major results from the first plasma campaign of the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator

Wolf, R.C.; Ali, A.; Alonso, A.; Baldzuhn, J.; Beidler, C.; Beurskens, M.; Biedermann, C.; Bosch, H.-.; Bozhenkov, S.; Brakel, R.; Dinklage, A.; Feng, Y.; Fuchert, G.; Geiger, J.; Grulke, O.; Helander, P.; Hirsch, M.; Höfel, U.; Jakubowski, M.; Knauer, J.; Kocsis, G.; König, R.; Kornejew, P.; Kràmer-Flecken, A.; Krychowiak, M.; Landreman, M.; Langenberg, A.; Laqua, H.P.; Lazerson, S.; Maaßberg, H.; Marsen, S.; Marushchenko, M.; Moseev, D.; Niemann, H.; Pablant, N.; Pasch, E.; Rahbarnia, K.; Schlisio, G.; Stange, T.; Sunn Pedersen, T.; Svensson, J.; Szepesi, T.; Trimino Mora, H.; Turkin, Y.; Wauters, T.; Weir, G.; Wenzel, U.; Windisch, T.; Wurden, G.; Zhang, D.; Abramovic, I.; Äkàslompolo, S.; Aleynikov, P.; Aleynikova, K.; Alzbutas, R.; Anda, G.; Andreeva, T.; Ascasibar, E.; Assmann, J.; Baek, S.-.; Banduch, M.; Barbui, T.; Barlak, M.; Baumann, K.; Behr, W.; Benndorf, A.; Bertuch, O.; Biel, W.; Birus, D.; Blackwell, B.; Blanco, E.; Blatzheim, M.; Bluhm, T.; Böckenhoff, D.; Bolgert, P.; Borchardt, M.; Borsuk, V.; Boscary, J.; Böttger, L.-.; Brand, H.; Brandt, C.; Bràuer, T.; Braune, H.; Brezinsek, S.; Brunner, K.-.; Brünner, B.; Burhenn, R.; Buttenschön, B.; Bykov, V.; Calvo, I.; Cannas, B.; Cappa, A.; Carls, A.; Carraro, L.; Carvalho, B.; Castejon, F.; Charl, A.; Chernyshev, F.; Cianciosa, M.; Citarella, R.; Ciupiński, Å.; Claps, G.; Cole, M.; Cole, M.J.; Cordella, F.; Cseh, G.; Czarnecka, A.; Czermak, A.; Czerski, K.; Czerwinski, M.; Czymek, G.; Da Molin, A.; Da Silva, A.; Dammertz, G.; Danielson, J.; De La Pena, A.; Degenkolbe, S.; Denner, P.; Dhard, D.P.; Dostal, M.; Drevlak, M.; Drewelow, P.; Drews, P.; Dudek, A.; Dundulis, G.; Durodie, F.; Van Eeten, P.; Effenberg, F.; Ehrke, G.; Endler, M.; Ennis, D.; Erckmann, E.; Esteban, H.; Estrada, T.; Fahrenkamp, N.; Feist, J.-.; Fellinger, J.; Fernandes, H.; Fietz, W.H.; Figacz, W.; Fontdecaba, J.; Ford, O.; Fornal, T.; Frerichs, H.; Freund, A.; Führer, M.; Funaba, T.; Galkowski, A.; Gantenbein, G.; Gao, Y.; García Regaña, J.; Garcia-Munoz, M.; Gates, D.; Gawlik, G.; Geiger, B.; Giannella, V.; Gierse, N.; Gogoleva, A.; Goncalves, B.; Goriaev, A.; Gradic, D.; Grahl, M.; Green, J.; Grosman, A.; Grote, H.; Gruca, M.; Guerard, C.; Haiduk, L.; Han, X.; Harberts, F.; Harris, J.H.; Hartfuß, H.-.; Hartmann, D.; Hathiramani, D.; Hein, B.; Heinemann, B.; Heitzenroeder, P.; Henneberg, S.; Hennig, C.; Hernandez Sanchez, J.; Hidalgo, C.; Hölbe, H.; Hollfeld, K.P.; Hölting, A.; Höschen, D.; Houry, M.; Howard, J.; Huang, X.; Huber, M.; Huber, V.; Hunger, H.; Ida, K.; Ilkei, T.; Illy, S.; Israeli, B.; Ivanov, A.; Jablonski, S.; Jagielski, J.; Jelonnek, J.; Jenzsch, H.; Junghans, P.; Kacmarczyk, J.; Kaliatka, T.; Kallmeyer, J.-.; Kamionka, U.; Karalevicius, R.; Kasahara, H.; Kasparek, W.; Kenmochi, N.; Keunecke, M.; Khilchenko, A.; Kinna, D.; Kleiber, R.; Klinger, T.; Knaup, M.; Kobarg, T.; Köchl, F.; Kolesnichenko, Y.; Könies, A.; Köppen, M.; Koshurinov, J.; Koslowski, R.; Köster, F.; Koziol, R.; Kràmer, M.; Krampitz, R.; Kraszewsk, P.; Krawczyk, N.; Kremeyer, T.; Krings, T.; Krom, J.; Krzesinski, G.; Ksiazek, I.; Kubkowska, M.; Kühner, G.; Kurki-Suonio, T.; Kwak, S.; Lang, R.; Langish, S.; Laqua, H.; Laube, R.; Lechte, C.; Lennartz, M.; Leonhardt, W.; Lewerentz, L.; Liang, Y.; Linsmeier, C.; Liu, S.; Lobsien, J.-.; Loesser, D.; Loizu Cisquella, J.; Lore, J.; Lorenz, A.; Losert, M.; Lubyako, L.; Lücke, A.; Lumsdaine, A.; Lutsenko, V.; Majano-Brown, J.; Marchuk, O.; Mardenfeld, M.; Marek, P.; Massidda, S.; Masuzaki, S.; Maurer, D.; Mccarthy, K.; Mcneely, P.; Meier, A.; Mellein, D.; Mendelevitch, B.; Mertens, P.; Mikkelsen, D.; Mishchenko, O.; Missal, B.; Mittelstaedt, J.; Mizuuchi, T.; Mollen, A.; Moncada, V.; Mönnich, T.; Morizaki, T.; Munk, R.; Murakami, S.; Musielok, F.; Náfrádi, G.; Nagel, M.; Naujoks, D.; Neilson, H.; Neubauer, O.; Neuner, U.; Ngo, T.; Nocentini, R.; Nührenberg, C.; Nührenberg, J.; Obermayer, S.; Offermanns, G.; Ogawa, K.; Ongena, J.; Oosterbeek, J.W.; Orozco, G.; Otte, M.; Pacios Rodriguez, L.; Pan, W.; Panadero, N.; Panadero Alvarez, N.; Panin, A.; Papenfuß, D.; Paqay, S.; Pavone, A.; Pawelec, E.; Pelka, G.; Peng, X.; Perseo, V.; Peterson, B.; Pieper, A.; Pilopp, D.; Pingel, S.; Pisano, F.; Plaum, B.; Plunk, G.; Povilaitis, M.; Preinhaelter, J.; Proll, J.; Puiatti, M.-.; Puig Sitjes, A.; Purps, F.; Rack, M.; Récsei, S.; Reiman, A.; Reiter, D.; Remppel, F.; Renard, S.; Riedl, R.; Riemann, J.; Rimkevicius, S.; Riße, K.; Rodatos, A.; Röhlinger, H.; Romé, M.; Rong, P.; Roscher, H.-.; Roth, B.; Rudischhauser, L.; Rummel, K.; Rummel, T.; Runov, A.; Rust, N.; Ryc, L.; Ryosuke, S.; Sakamoto, R.; Samartsev, A.; Sanchez, M.; Sano, F.; Satake, S.; Satheeswaran, G.; Schacht, J.; Schauer, F.; Scherer, T.; Schlaich, A.; Schlüter, K.-.; Schmitt, J.; Schmitz, H.; Schmitz, O.; Schmuck, S.; Schneider, M.; Schneider, W.; Scholz, M.; Scholz, P.; Schrittwieser, R.; Schröder, M.; Schröder, T.; Schroeder, R.; Schumacher, H.; Schweer, B.; Shanahan, B.; Shikhovtsev, I.V.; Sibilia, M.; Sinha, P.; Siplià, S.; Skodzik, J.; Slaby, C.; Smith, H.; Spiess, W.; Spong, D.A.; Spring, A.; Stadler, R.; Standley, B.; Stephey, L.; Stoneking, M.; Stridde, U.; Sulek, Z.; Surko, C.; Suzuki, Y.; Szabó, V.; Szabolics, T.; Szökefalvi-Nagy, Z.; Tamura, N.; Terra, A.; Terry, J.; Thomas, J.; Thomsen, H.; Thumm, M.; Von Thun, C.P.; Timmermann, D.; Titus, P.; Toi, K.; Travere, J.M.; Traverso, P.; Tretter, J.; Tsuchiya, H.; Tsujimura, T.; Tulipán, S.; Turnyanskiy, M.; Unterberg, B.; Urban, J.; Urbonavicius, E.; Vakulchyk, I.; Valet, S.; Van Millingen, B.; Vela, L.; Velasco, J.-.; Vergote, M.; Vervier, M.; Vianello, N.; Viebke, H.; Vilbrandt, R.; Vorkörper, A.; Wadle, S.; Wagner, F.; Wang, E.; Wang, N.; Warmer, F.; Wegener, L.; Weggen, J.; Wei, Y.; Wendorf, J.; Werner, A.; Wiegel, B.; Wilde, F.; Winkler, E.; Winters, V.; Wolf, S.; Wolowski, J.; Wright, A.; Xanthopoulos, P.; Yamada, H.; Yamada, I.; Yasuhara, R.; Yokoyama, M.; Zajac, J.; Zarnstorff, M.; Zeitler, A.; Zhang, H.; Zhu, J.; Zilker, M.; Zimbal, A.; Zocco, A.; Zoletnik, S.; Zuin, M.

doi:10.1088/1741-4326/aa770d

After completing the main construction phase of Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) and successfully commissioning the device, first plasma operation started at the end of 2015. Integral commissioning of plasma start-up and operation using electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) and an extensive set of plasma diagnostics have been completed, allowing initial physics studies during the first operational campaign. Both in helium and hydrogen, plasma breakdown was easily achieved. Gaining experience with plasma vessel conditioning, discharge lengths could be extended gradually. Eventually, discharges lasted up to 6 s, reaching an injected energy of 4 MJ, which is twice the limit originally agreed for the limiter configuration employed during the first operational campaign. At power levels of 4 MW central electron densities reached 3 1019 m-3, central electron temperatures reached values of 7 keV and ion temperatures reached just above 2 keV. Important physics studies during this first operational phase include a first assessment of power balance and energy confinement, ECRH power deposition experiments, 2nd harmonic O-mode ECRH using multi-pass absorption, and current drive experiments using electron cyclotron current drive. As in many plasma discharges the electron temperature exceeds the ion temperature significantly, these plasmas are governed by core electron root confinement showing a strong positive electric field in the plasma centre.

Major results from the first plasma campaign of the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator / R.C. Wolf, A. Ali, A. Alonso, J. Baldzuhn, C. Beidler, M. Beurskens, C. Biedermann, H.-. Bosch, S. Bozhenkov, R. Brakel, A. Dinklage, Y. Feng, G. Fuchert, J. Geiger, O. Grulke, P. Helander, M. Hirsch, U. Höfel, M. Jakubowski, J. Knauer, G. Kocsis, R. König, P. Kornejew, A. Kràmer-Flecken, M. Krychowiak, M. Landreman, A. Langenberg, H.P. Laqua, S. Lazerson, H. Maaßberg, S. Marsen, M. Marushchenko, D. Moseev, H. Niemann, N. Pablant, E. Pasch, K. Rahbarnia, G. Schlisio, T. Stange, T. Sunn Pedersen, J. Svensson, T. Szepesi, H. Trimino Mora, Y. Turkin, T. Wauters, G. Weir, U. Wenzel, T. Windisch, G. Wurden, D. Zhang, I. Abramovic, S. Äkàslompolo, P. Aleynikov, K. Aleynikova, R. Alzbutas, G. Anda, T. Andreeva, E. Ascasibar, J. Assmann, S.-. Baek, M. Banduch, T. Barbui, M. Barlak, K. Baumann, W. Behr, A. Benndorf, O. Bertuch, W. Biel, D. Birus, B. Blackwell, E. Blanco, M. Blatzheim, T. Bluhm, D. Böckenhoff, P. Bolgert, M. Borchardt, V. Borsuk, J. Boscary, L.-. Böttger, H. Brand, C. Brandt, T. Bràuer, H. Braune, S. Brezinsek, K.-. Brunner, B. Brünner, R. Burhenn, B. Buttenschön, V. Bykov, I. Calvo, B. Cannas, A. Cappa, A. Carls, L. Carraro, B. Carvalho, F. Castejon, A. Charl, F. Chernyshev, M. Cianciosa, R. Citarella, Å. Ciupiński, G. Claps, M. Cole, M.J. Cole, F. Cordella, G. Cseh, A. Czarnecka, A. Czermak, K. Czerski, M. Czerwinski, G. Czymek, A. Da Molin, A. Da Silva, G. Dammertz, J. Danielson, A. De La Pena, S. Degenkolbe, P. Denner, D.P. Dhard, M. Dostal, M. Drevlak, P. Drewelow, P. Drews, A. Dudek, G. Dundulis, F. Durodie, P. Van Eeten, F. Effenberg, G. Ehrke, M. Endler, D. Ennis, E. Erckmann, H. Esteban, T. Estrada, N. Fahrenkamp, J.-. Feist, J. Fellinger, H. Fernandes, W.H. Fietz, W. Figacz, J. Fontdecaba, O. Ford, T. Fornal, H. Frerichs, A. Freund, M. Führer, T. Funaba, A. Galkowski, G. Gantenbein, Y. Gao, J. García Regaña, M. Garcia-Munoz, D. Gates, G. Gawlik, B. Geiger, V. Giannella, N. Gierse, A. Gogoleva, B. Goncalves, A. Goriaev, D. Gradic, M. Grahl, J. Green, A. Grosman, H. Grote, M. Gruca, C. Guerard, L. Haiduk, X. Han, F. Harberts, J.H. Harris, H.-. Hartfuß, D. Hartmann, D. Hathiramani, B. Hein, B. Heinemann, P. Heitzenroeder, S. Henneberg, C. Hennig, J. Hernandez Sanchez, C. Hidalgo, H. Hölbe, K.P. Hollfeld, A. Hölting, D. Höschen, M. Houry, J. Howard, X. Huang, M. Huber, V. Huber, H. Hunger, K. Ida, T. Ilkei, S. Illy, B. Israeli, A. Ivanov, S. Jablonski, J. Jagielski, J. Jelonnek, H. Jenzsch, P. Junghans, J. Kacmarczyk, T. Kaliatka, J.-. Kallmeyer, U. Kamionka, R. Karalevicius, H. Kasahara, W. Kasparek, N. Kenmochi, M. Keunecke, A. Khilchenko, D. Kinna, R. Kleiber, T. Klinger, M. Knaup, T. Kobarg, F. Köchl, Y. Kolesnichenko, A. Könies, M. Köppen, J. Koshurinov, R. Koslowski, F. Köster, R. Koziol, M. Kràmer, R. Krampitz, P. Kraszewsk, N. Krawczyk, T. Kremeyer, T. Krings, J. Krom, G. Krzesinski, I. Ksiazek, M. Kubkowska, G. Kühner, T. Kurki-Suonio, S. Kwak, R. Lang, S. Langish, H. Laqua, R. Laube, C. Lechte, M. Lennartz, W. Leonhardt, L. Lewerentz, Y. Liang, C. Linsmeier, S. Liu, J.-. Lobsien, D. Loesser, J. Loizu Cisquella, J. Lore, A. Lorenz, M. Losert, L. Lubyako, A. Lücke, A. Lumsdaine, V. Lutsenko, J. Majano-Brown, O. Marchuk, M. Mardenfeld, P. Marek, S. Massidda, S. Masuzaki, D. Maurer, K. Mccarthy, P. Mcneely, A. Meier, D. Mellein, B. Mendelevitch, P. Mertens, D. Mikkelsen, O. Mishchenko, B. Missal, J. Mittelstaedt, T. Mizuuchi, A. Mollen, V. Moncada, T. Mönnich, T. Morizaki, R. Munk, S. Murakami, F. Musielok, G. Náfrádi, M. Nagel, D. Naujoks, H. Neilson, O. Neubauer, U. Neuner, T. Ngo, R. Nocentini, C. Nührenberg, J. Nührenberg, S. Obermayer, G. Offermanns, K. Ogawa, J. Ongena, J.W. Oosterbeek, G. Orozco, M. Otte, L. Pacios Rodriguez, W. Pan, N. Panadero, N. Panadero Alvarez, A. Panin, D. Papenfuß, S. Paqay, A. Pavone, E. Pawelec, G. Pelka, X. Peng, V. Perseo, B. Peterson, A. Pieper, D. Pilopp, S. Pingel, F. Pisano, B. Plaum, G. Plunk, M. Povilaitis, J. Preinhaelter, J. Proll, M.-. Puiatti, A. Puig Sitjes, F. Purps, M. Rack, S. Récsei, A. Reiman, D. Reiter, F. Remppel, S. Renard, R. Riedl, J. Riemann, S. Rimkevicius, K. Riße, A. Rodatos, H. Röhlinger, M. Romé, P. Rong, H.-. Roscher, B. Roth, L. Rudischhauser, K. Rummel, T. Rummel, A. Runov, N. Rust, L. Ryc, S. Ryosuke, R. Sakamoto, A. Samartsev, M. Sanchez, F. Sano, S. Satake, G. Satheeswaran, J. Schacht, F. Schauer, T. Scherer, A. Schlaich, K.-. Schlüter, J. Schmitt, H. Schmitz, O. Schmitz, S. Schmuck, M. Schneider, W. Schneider, M. Scholz, P. Scholz, R. Schrittwieser, M. Schröder, T. Schröder, R. Schroeder, H. Schumacher, B. Schweer, B. Shanahan, I.V. Shikhovtsev, M. Sibilia, P. Sinha, S. Siplià, J. Skodzik, C. Slaby, H. Smith, W. Spiess, D.A. Spong, A. Spring, R. Stadler, B. Standley, L. Stephey, M. Stoneking, U. Stridde, Z. Sulek, C. Surko, Y. Suzuki, V. Szabó, T. Szabolics, Z. Szökefalvi-Nagy, N. Tamura, A. Terra, J. Terry, J. Thomas, H. Thomsen, M. Thumm, C.P. Von Thun, D. Timmermann, P. Titus, K. Toi, J.M. Travere, P. Traverso, J. Tretter, H. Tsuchiya, T. Tsujimura, S. Tulipán, M. Turnyanskiy, B. Unterberg, J. Urban, E. Urbonavicius, I. Vakulchyk, S. Valet, B. Van Millingen, L. Vela, J.-. Velasco, M. Vergote, M. Vervier, N. Vianello, H. Viebke, R. Vilbrandt, A. Vorkörper, S. Wadle, F. Wagner, E. Wang, N. Wang, F. Warmer, L. Wegener, J. Weggen, Y. Wei, J. Wendorf, A. Werner, B. Wiegel, F. Wilde, E. Winkler, V. Winters, S. Wolf, J. Wolowski, A. Wright, P. Xanthopoulos, H. Yamada, I. Yamada, R. Yasuhara, M. Yokoyama, J. Zajac, M. Zarnstorff, A. Zeitler, H. Zhang, J. Zhu, M. Zilker, A. Zimbal, A. Zocco, S. Zoletnik, M. Zuin. - In: NUCLEAR FUSION. - ISSN 0029-5515. - 57:10(2017 Oct).

Major results from the first plasma campaign of the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator

Wolf, R. C.;Ali, A.;Alonso, A.;Baldzuhn, J.;Beidler, C.;Beurskens, M.;Biedermann, C.;Bosch, H. -S.;Bozhenkov, S.;Brakel, R.;Dinklage, A.;Feng, Y.;Fuchert, G.;Geiger, J.;Grulke, O.;Helander, P.;Hirsch, M.;Höfel, U.;Jakubowski, M.;Knauer, J.;Kocsis, G.;König, R.;Kornejew, P.;Kràmer-Flecken, A.;Krychowiak, M.;Landreman, M.;Langenberg, A.;Laqua, H. P.;Lazerson, S.;Maaßberg, H.;Marsen, S.;Marushchenko, M.;Moseev, D.;Niemann, H.;Pablant, N.;Pasch, E.;Rahbarnia, K.;Schlisio, G.;Stange, T.;Sunn Pedersen, T.;Svensson, J.;Szepesi, T.;Trimino Mora, H.;Turkin, Y.;Wauters, T.;Weir, G.;Wenzel, U.;Windisch, T.;Wurden, G.;Zhang, D.;Abramovic, I.;Äkàslompolo, S.;Aleynikov, P.;Aleynikova, K.;Alzbutas, R.;Anda, G.;Andreeva, T.;Ascasibar, E.;Assmann, J.;Baek, S. -G.;Banduch, M.;Barbui, T.;Barlak, M.;Baumann, K.;Behr, W.;Benndorf, A.;Bertuch, O.;Biel, W.;Birus, D.;Blackwell, B.;Blanco, E.;Blatzheim, M.;Bluhm, T.;Böckenhoff, D.;Bolgert, P.;Borchardt, M.;Borsuk, V.;Boscary, J.;Böttger, L. -G.;Brand, H.;Brandt, Ch.;Bràuer, T.;Braune, H.;Brezinsek, S.;Brunner, K. -J.;Brünner, B.;Burhenn, R.;Buttenschön, B.;Bykov, V.;Calvo, I.;Cannas, B.;Cappa, A.;Carls, A.;Carraro, L.;Carvalho, B.;Castejon, F.;Charl, A.;Chernyshev, F.;Cianciosa, M.;Citarella, R.;Ciupiński, Å.;Claps, G.;Cole, M.;Cole, M. J.;Cordella, F.;Cseh, G.;Czarnecka, A.;Czermak, A.;Czerski, K.;Czerwinski, M.;Czymek, G.;Da Molin, A.;Da Silva, A.;Dammertz, G.;Danielson, J.;De La Pena, A.;Degenkolbe, S.;Denner, P.;Dhard, D. P.;Dostal, M.;Drevlak, M.;Drewelow, P.;Drews, Ph.;Dudek, A.;Dundulis, G.;Durodie, F.;Van Eeten, P.;Effenberg, F.;Ehrke, G.;Endler, M.;Ennis, D.;Erckmann, E.;Esteban, H.;Estrada, T.;Fahrenkamp, N.;Feist, J. -H.;Fellinger, J.;Fernandes, H.;Fietz, W. H.;Figacz, W.;Fontdecaba, J.;Ford, O.;Fornal, T.;Frerichs, H.;Freund, A.;Führer, M.;Funaba, T.;Galkowski, A.;Gantenbein, G.;Gao, Y.;García Regaña, J.;Garcia-Munoz, M.;Gates, D.;Gawlik, G.;Geiger, B.;Giannella, V.;Gierse, N.;Gogoleva, A.;Goncalves, B.;Goriaev, A.;Gradic, D.;Grahl, M.;Green, J.;Grosman, A.;Grote, H.;Gruca, M.;Guerard, C.;Haiduk, L.;Han, X.;Harberts, F.;Harris, J. H.;Hartfuß, H. -J.;Hartmann, D.;Hathiramani, D.;Hein, B.;Heinemann, B.;Heitzenroeder, P.;Henneberg, S.;Hennig, C.;Hernandez Sanchez, J.;Hidalgo, C.;Hölbe, H.;Hollfeld, K. P.;Hölting, A.;Höschen, D.;Houry, M.;Howard, J.;Huang, X.;Huber, M.;Huber, V.;Hunger, H.;Ida, K.;Ilkei, T.;Illy, S.;Israeli, B.;Ivanov, A.;Jablonski, S.;Jagielski, J.;Jelonnek, J.;Jenzsch, H.;Junghans, P.;Kacmarczyk, J.;Kaliatka, T.;Kallmeyer, J. -P.;Kamionka, U.;Karalevicius, R.;Kasahara, H.;Kasparek, W.;Kenmochi, N.;Keunecke, M.;Khilchenko, A.;Kinna, D.;Kleiber, R.;Klinger, T.;Knaup, M.;Kobarg, Th.;Köchl, F.;Kolesnichenko, Y.;Könies, A.;Köppen, M.;Koshurinov, J.;Koslowski, R.;Köster, F.;Koziol, R.;Kràmer, M.;Krampitz, R.;Kraszewsk, P.;Krawczyk, N.;Kremeyer, T.;Krings, Th.;Krom, J.;Krzesinski, G.;Ksiazek, I.;Kubkowska, M.;Kühner, G.;Kurki-Suonio, T.;Kwak, S.;Lang, R.;Langish, S.;Laqua, H.;Laube, R.;Lechte, C.;Lennartz, M.;Leonhardt, W.;Lewerentz, L.;Liang, Y.;Linsmeier, Ch.;Liu, S.;Lobsien, J. -F.;Loesser, D.;Loizu Cisquella, J.;Lore, J.;Lorenz, A.;Losert, M.;Lubyako, L.;Lücke, A.;Lumsdaine, A.;Lutsenko, V.;Majano-Brown, J.;Marchuk, O.;Mardenfeld, M.;Marek, P.;Massidda, S.;Masuzaki, S.;Maurer, D.;McCarthy, K.;McNeely, P.;Meier, A.;Mellein, D.;Mendelevitch, B.;Mertens, Ph.;Mikkelsen, D.;Mishchenko, O.;Missal, B.;Mittelstaedt, J.;Mizuuchi, T.;Mollen, A.;Moncada, V.;Mönnich, T.;Morizaki, T.;Munk, R.;Murakami, S.;Musielok, F.;Náfrádi, G.;Nagel, M.;Naujoks, D.;Neilson, H.;Neubauer, O.;Neuner, U.;Ngo, T.;Nocentini, R.;Nührenberg, C.;Nührenberg, J.;Obermayer, S.;Offermanns, G.;Ogawa, K.;Ongena, J.;Oosterbeek, J. W.;Orozco, G.;Otte, M.;Pacios Rodriguez, L.;Pan, W.;Panadero, N.;Panadero Alvarez, N.;Panin, A.;Papenfuß, D.;Paqay, S.;Pavone, A.;Pawelec, E.;Pelka, G.;Peng, X.;Perseo, V.;Peterson, B.;Pieper, A.;Pilopp, D.;Pingel, S.;Pisano, F.;Plaum, B.;Plunk, G.;Povilaitis, M.;Preinhaelter, J.;Proll, J.;Puiatti, M. -E.;Puig Sitjes, A.;Purps, F.;Rack, M.;Récsei, S.;Reiman, A.;Reiter, D.;Remppel, F.;Renard, S.;Riedl, R.;Riemann, J.;Rimkevicius, S.;Riße, K.;Rodatos, A.;Röhlinger, H.;M. Romé;Rong, P.;Roscher, H. -J.;Roth, B.;Rudischhauser, L.;Rummel, K.;Rummel, T.;Runov, A.;Rust, N.;Ryc, L.;Ryosuke, S.;Sakamoto, R.;Samartsev, A.;Sanchez, M.;Sano, F.;Satake, S.;Satheeswaran, G.;Schacht, J.;Schauer, F.;Scherer, T.;Schlaich, A.;Schlüter, K. -H.;Schmitt, J.;Schmitz, H.;Schmitz, O.;Schmuck, S.;Schneider, M.;Schneider, W.;Scholz, M.;Scholz, P.;Schrittwieser, R.;Schröder, M.;Schröder, T.;Schroeder, R.;Schumacher, H.;Schweer, B.;Shanahan, B.;Shikhovtsev, I. V.;Sibilia, M.;Sinha, P.;Siplià, S.;Skodzik, J.;Slaby, C.;Smith, H.;Spiess, W.;Spong, D. A.;Spring, A.;Stadler, R.;Standley, B.;Stephey, L.;Stoneking, M.;Stridde, U.;Sulek, Z.;Surko, C.;Suzuki, Y.;Szabó, V.;Szabolics, T.;Szökefalvi-Nagy, Z.;Tamura, N.;Terra, A.;Terry, J.;Thomas, J.;Thomsen, H.;Thumm, M.;Von Thun, C. P.;Timmermann, D.;Titus, P.;Toi, K.;Travere, J. M.;Traverso, P.;Tretter, J.;Tsuchiya, H.;Tsujimura, T.;Tulipán, S.;Turnyanskiy, M.;Unterberg, B.;Urban, J.;Urbonavicius, E.;Vakulchyk, I.;Valet, S.;Van Millingen, B.;Vela, L.;Velasco, J. -L.;Vergote, M.;Vervier, M.;Vianello, N.;Viebke, H.;Vilbrandt, R.;Vorkörper, A.;Wadle, S.;Wagner, F.;Wang, E.;Wang, N.;Warmer, F.;Wegener, L.;Weggen, J.;Wei, Y.;Wendorf, J.;Werner, A.;Wiegel, B.;Wilde, F.;Winkler, E.;Winters, V.;Wolf, S.;Wolowski, J.;Wright, A.;Xanthopoulos, P.;Yamada, H.;Yamada, I.;Yasuhara, R.;Yokoyama, M.;Zajac, J.;Zarnstorff, M.;Zeitler, A.;Zhang, H.;Zhu, J.;Zilker, M.;Zimbal, A.;Zocco, A.;Zoletnik, S.;Zuin, M.

2017

Abstract

After completing the main construction phase of Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) and successfully commissioning the device, first plasma operation started at the end of 2015. Integral commissioning of plasma start-up and operation using electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) and an extensive set of plasma diagnostics have been completed, allowing initial physics studies during the first operational campaign. Both in helium and hydrogen, plasma breakdown was easily achieved. Gaining experience with plasma vessel conditioning, discharge lengths could be extended gradually. Eventually, discharges lasted up to 6 s, reaching an injected energy of 4 MJ, which is twice the limit originally agreed for the limiter configuration employed during the first operational campaign. At power levels of 4 MW central electron densities reached 3 1019 m-3, central electron temperatures reached values of 7 keV and ion temperatures reached just above 2 keV. Important physics studies during this first operational phase include a first assessment of power balance and energy confinement, ECRH power deposition experiments, 2nd harmonic O-mode ECRH using multi-pass absorption, and current drive experiments using electron cyclotron current drive. As in many plasma discharges the electron temperature exceeds the ion temperature significantly, these plasmas are governed by core electron root confinement showing a strong positive electric field in the plasma centre.

Scheda breve

Scheda completa

Scheda completa (DC)

	Parole chiave
	
				current drive; magnetic confinement; plasma heating; stellarator; Nuclear and High Energy Physics; Condensed Matter Physics
			
	Settori scientifico-disciplinari dell'articolo
	
				Settore FIS/03 - Fisica della Materia
Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale
			
	Data di pubblicazione
	
				ott-2017
			
	Rivista in ANCE
	
				NUCLEAR FUSION
			
	DOI
	
				https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aa770d
			
	Tipologia
	
				Article (author)
			
	Appare nelle tipologie:
	
				01 - Articolo su periodico

File in questo prodotto:

File	Dimensione	Formato
NF2017.pdf accesso aperto Tipologia: Publisher's version/PDF Dimensione 2.94 MB Formato Adobe PDF Visualizza/Apri	2.94 MB	Adobe PDF	Visualizza/Apri

Pubblicazioni consigliate

I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.

Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/2434/616000

Citazioni

ND

165

143

IRIS Institutional Research Information System - AIR Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca