Imaging techniques are a keystone for diagnosing and monitoring spinal disorders and are widely used in both clinical practice and research studies. Planar X-rays are employed to assess spinal morphology, to assess spinal motion in cases of suspect instability and after implantation of motion-preserving devices, and to identify bone-related disorders such as fractures. Because of the possibility of acquiring scans in various postures, including standing, planar X-rays are widely used to measure relevant anatomical parameters in spinal deformities such as scoliosis and sagittal disorders. Magnetic resonance imaging, which does not employ ionizing radiation and is the gold standard for the characterization of intervertebral disc degeneration, is commonly used for soft tissue imaging. Other frequently used techniques include computed tomography, ultrasonography, and surface topography. After a brief introduction of the various techniques, this chapter describes their uses in spinal imaging, with a special focus on the aspects that are particularly important in biomechanical in vivo studies, such as the analysis of spinal motion.
In vivo studies: spinal imaging / T. Bassani, L.M. Sconfienza, F. Galbusera - In: Biomechanics of the spine : basic concepts, spinal disorders and treatments / [a cura di] F. Galbusera, H.J. Wilke. - Prima edizione. - [s.l] : Elsevier Ltd., 2018 Apr. - ISBN 9780128128510. - pp. 169-187 [10.1016/B978-0-12-812851-0.00010-0]
In vivo studies: spinal imaging
L.M. SconfienzaSecondo
;
2018
Abstract
Imaging techniques are a keystone for diagnosing and monitoring spinal disorders and are widely used in both clinical practice and research studies. Planar X-rays are employed to assess spinal morphology, to assess spinal motion in cases of suspect instability and after implantation of motion-preserving devices, and to identify bone-related disorders such as fractures. Because of the possibility of acquiring scans in various postures, including standing, planar X-rays are widely used to measure relevant anatomical parameters in spinal deformities such as scoliosis and sagittal disorders. Magnetic resonance imaging, which does not employ ionizing radiation and is the gold standard for the characterization of intervertebral disc degeneration, is commonly used for soft tissue imaging. Other frequently used techniques include computed tomography, ultrasonography, and surface topography. After a brief introduction of the various techniques, this chapter describes their uses in spinal imaging, with a special focus on the aspects that are particularly important in biomechanical in vivo studies, such as the analysis of spinal motion.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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