Surgical Treatment of Synchronous Type B Acute Aortic Dissection and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Background: We report the results of the operative treatment of synchronous type B acute aortic dissection (TBAAD) and infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Methods: It is an observational, descriptive multicenter case series. Inclusion criterion was patients with diagnosis of TBAAD and AAA detected synchronously for the first time at clinical onset of dissection. Follow-up imaging protocol included triple-phase spiral/computed tomography angiography performed at 1, 6, and 12 months after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR), and annually thereafter. Major end points were perioperative mortality and long-term survival, freedom from aortic events, and freedom from reintervention. Results: We identified and treated 15 cases. All TBAADs were treated by TEVAR in the acute phase: infrarenal aortic repair was performed with stent graft (SG) in 10 (66.7%) patients, with open repair in 5 (33.3%). Overall, staged repair was used in 11 (73.3%) patients. Mean descending aortic endovascular length coverage was 21 cm ± 7 (range, 10–35; interquartile range [IQR], 150–265). Overall, early perioperative mortality occurred in 1 (6.7%) patient. Median radiologic follow-up was 48 months (range, 6–120; IQR, 36–67). During the follow-up, TEVAR-related mortality was not observed. Aortic remodeling after TEVAR was obtained in 12 (85.7%) patients; abdominal sac shrinkage after SG was obtained in 8 (80.0%) patients. Freedom from aortic event rate was 79% ± 10 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 53.1–92.6) at 1 year and 64% ± 13 (95% CI: 38.1–83.5) at 5 year. Freedom from reintervention rate at 1 and 5 year was 85% ± 10 (95% CI: 57.8–95.7). Conclusions: In our experience, the association of TBAAD and AAA was a rare finding. Because of the lack of available evidence to opt for a single intervention or a staged approach, selective approach with TEVAR and endovascular/open conventional treatment of the abdominal aorta yielded satisfactory results at midterm follow-up.