The secondary cosmic microwave background (CMB) B-modes stem from the post-decoupling distortion of the polarization E-modes due to the gravitational lensing effect of large-scale structures. These lensing-induced B-modes constitute both a valuable probe of the dark matter distribution and an important contaminant for the extraction of the primary CMB B-modes from inflation. Planck provides accurate nearly all-sky measurements of both the polarization E-modes and the integrated mass distribution via the reconstruction of the CMB lensing potential. By combining these two data products, we have produced an all-sky template map of the lensing-induced B-modes using a real-space algorithm that minimizes the impact of sky masks. The cross-correlation of this template with an observed (primordial and secondary) B-mode map can be used to measure the lensing B-mode power spectrum at multipoles up to 2000. In particular, when cross-correlating with the B-mode contribution directly derived from the Planck polarization maps, we obtain lensing-induced B-mode power spectrum measurement at a significance level of 12Ï, which agrees with the theoretical expectation derived from the Planck best-fit Î cold dark matter model. This unique nearly all-sky secondary B-mode template, which includes the lensing-induced information from intermediate to small (10 ⤠l ⤠1000) angular scales, is delivered as part of the Planck 2015 public data release. It will be particularly useful for experiments searching for primordial B-modes, such as BICEP2/Keck Array or LiteBIRD, since it will enable an estimate to be made of the lensing-induced contribution to the measured total CMB B-modes.
Planck intermediate results : XLI. A map of lensing-induced B -modes / P.A.R. Ade, N. Aghanim, M. Ashdown, J. Aumont, C. Baccigalupi, A.J. Banday, R.B. Barreiro, N. Bartolo, S. Basak, E. Battaner, K. Benabed, A. Benoit-Lévy, J.P. Bernard, M. Bersanelli, P. Bielewicz, J.J. Bock, A. Bonaldi, L. Bonavera, J.R. Bond, J. Borrill, F.R. Bouchet, F. Boulanger, C. Burigana, R.C. Butler, E. Calabrese, J.F. Cardoso, A. Catalano, H.C. Chiang, P.R. Christensen, D.L. Clements, S. Colombi, L.P.L. Colombo, C. Combet, B.P. Crill, A. Curto, F. Cuttaia, L. Danese, R.J. Davis, P. De Bernardis, G. De Zotti, J. Delabrouille, C. Dickinson, J.M. Diego, O. Doré, A. Ducout, X. Dupac, F. Elsner, T.A. Enßlin, H.K. Eriksen, F. Finelli, O. Forni, M. Frailis, A.A. Fraisse, E. Franceschi, S. Galeotta, S. Galli, K. Ganga, T. Ghosh, M. Giard, Y. Giraud-Héraud, E. Gjerløw, J. González-Nuevo, K.M. Górski, A. Gruppuso, J.E. Gudmundsson, D.L. Harrison, C. Hernández-Monteagudo, D. Herranz, S.R. Hildebrandt, A. Hornstrup, W. Hovest, G. Hurier, A.H. Jaffe, W.C. Jones, E. Keihänen, R. Keskitalo, T.S. Kisner, J. Knoche, L. Knox, M. Kunz, H. Kurki-Suonio, G. Lagache, A. Lähteenmäki, J.M. Lamarre, A. Lasenby, M. Lattanzi, R. Leonardi, F. Levrier, P.B. Lilje, M. Linden-Vørnle, M. López-Caniego, P.M. Lubin, J.F. Macías-Pérez, B. Maffei, G. Maggio, D. Maino, N. Mandolesi, A. Mangilli, M. Maris, P.G. Martin, E. Martínez-González, S. Masi, S. Matarrese, P.R. Meinhold, A. Melchiorri, A. Mennella, M. Migliaccio, S. Mitra, M.A. Miville-Deschênes, A. Moneti, L. Montier, G. Morgante, D. Mortlock, A. Moss, D. Munshi, J.A. Murphy, P. Naselsky, F. Nati, P. Natoli, C.B. Netterfield, H.U. Nørgaard-Nielsen, D. Novikov, I. Novikov, L. Pagano, F. Pajot, D. Paoletti, F. Pasian, G. Patanchon, O. Perdereau, L. Perotto, V. Pettorino, F. Piacentini, M. Piat, E. Pierpaoli, E. Pointecouteau, G. Polenta, G.W. Pratt, J.P. Rachen, M. Reinecke, M. Remazeilles, C. Renault, A. Renzi, I. Ristorcelli, G. Rocha, C. Rosset, M. Rossetti, G. Roudier, J.A. Rubiño-Martín, B. Rusholme, M. Sandri, D. Santos, M. Savelainen, G. Savini, D. Scott, L.D. Spencer, V. Stolyarov, R. Stompor, R. Sudiwala, R. Sunyaev, D. Sutton, A.S. Suur-Uski, J.F. Sygnet, J.A. Tauber, L. Terenzi, L. Toffolatti, M. Tomasi, M. Tristram, M. Tucci, J. Tuovinen, L. Valenziano, J. Valiviita, B. Van Tent, P. Vielva, F. Villa, L.A. Wade, B.D. Wandelt, I.K. Wehus, D. Yvon, A. Zacchei, A. Zonca. - In: ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS. - ISSN 0004-6361. - 596(2016 Dec), pp. A102.1-A102.19. [10.1051/0004-6361/201527932]
Planck intermediate results : XLI. A map of lensing-induced B -modes
M. Bersanelli;L.P.L. Colombo;D. Maino;A. Mennella;M. Rossetti;G. Savini;M. Tomasi;
2016
Abstract
The secondary cosmic microwave background (CMB) B-modes stem from the post-decoupling distortion of the polarization E-modes due to the gravitational lensing effect of large-scale structures. These lensing-induced B-modes constitute both a valuable probe of the dark matter distribution and an important contaminant for the extraction of the primary CMB B-modes from inflation. Planck provides accurate nearly all-sky measurements of both the polarization E-modes and the integrated mass distribution via the reconstruction of the CMB lensing potential. By combining these two data products, we have produced an all-sky template map of the lensing-induced B-modes using a real-space algorithm that minimizes the impact of sky masks. The cross-correlation of this template with an observed (primordial and secondary) B-mode map can be used to measure the lensing B-mode power spectrum at multipoles up to 2000. In particular, when cross-correlating with the B-mode contribution directly derived from the Planck polarization maps, we obtain lensing-induced B-mode power spectrum measurement at a significance level of 12Ï, which agrees with the theoretical expectation derived from the Planck best-fit Î cold dark matter model. This unique nearly all-sky secondary B-mode template, which includes the lensing-induced information from intermediate to small (10 ⤠l ⤠1000) angular scales, is delivered as part of the Planck 2015 public data release. It will be particularly useful for experiments searching for primordial B-modes, such as BICEP2/Keck Array or LiteBIRD, since it will enable an estimate to be made of the lensing-induced contribution to the measured total CMB B-modes.
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